An Albian–Cenomanian unconformity in the northern Andes: Evidence and tectonic significance

Jaimes, Elsa; Freitas, Mario de

doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2006.07.011

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The lower jump is correlated with the unconformity developed at the base of the Late Carboniferous series (see Espurt et al 2008). The intermediate jump is correlated with the unconformity developed at the base of the Cretaceous series (see Jaimes & de Freitas 2006 and references therein; see also Fig. 6.2c).…”

Section: Pliocene Depositsmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Nazca Ridge and Uplift of the Fitzcarrald Arch: Implications for Regional Geology in Northern South America

Espurt¹,

Baby²,

Brusset³

et al. 2009

Amazonia: Landscape and Species Evolution

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The Fitzcarrald Arch corresponds to a NE-SW-trending widespread dissected relief of about 400,000 km 2 located to the east of the sub-Andean thrust front. Analyses of drainage maps demonstrate that this regional uplift controls the modern Amazonian drainage network. During the Miocene, the Fitzcarrald Arch did not exist and this area corresponded to the subsiding foredeep of the Amazonian foreland basin. Analyses of the Miocene deposits outcropping within the Fitzcarrald Arch area indicate that deposition was controlled by tidal current and consisted of tide-dominated deltas and estuaries. The tidal Miocene deposits were followed by fl uvial conglomerate and sandstone sediments, probably Pliocene to Pleistocene in age. Modelling of the vitrinite refl ectance data shows that the uplift of the Fitzcarrald Arch began in Pliocene times; this date is further confi rmed by sedimentary evidence such as provenance and a change of palaeocurrent directions from the Pliocene and Pleistocene record. Geophysical data show that the Fitzcarrald Arch uplift superimposed on the eastern part of the Nazca Ridge fl at slab segment. The fl at subduction process linked to the buoyancy of the Nazca Ridge has been active since ~4 Ma. Thus, the coincidence of the initiation of fl at slab subduction with the Pliocene uplift of the Fitzcarrald Arch implies that the fl at subduction of the Nazca Ridge is the cause of uplift. The Nazca Ridge fl at subduction is the process responsible for the modern confi guration of the Amazon drainage basin and may be one of the decisive factors that triggered large-scale modifi cation of the Amazonian landscape inducing drastic biota changes in the Amazonian basin during the last 4 million years.

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Section: Pliocene Depositsmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Nazca Ridge and Uplift of the Fitzcarrald Arch: Implications for Regional Geology in Northern South America

Espurt¹,

Baby²,

Brusset³

et al. 2009

Amazonia: Landscape and Species Evolution

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“…This stage is reflected by important palaeogeographic changes, when in most of the Andes the first evidence of compression is recorded as the intra-Villeta unconformity of Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador in the northern Andes (Jaimes and Freitas 2006), the Late Albian Mochica phase in Perú (Jaillard et al 2000), and the Patagónides uplifts and deformation of the Neuquén embayment in central and southern Argentina (Zamora Valcarce et al 2006). Both the biostratigraphic and the chronological constraints of these unconformities indicate an age comprised between the Late Albian and the Early Cenomanian, around 100 Ma, in complete agreement with the changes in the absolute motion of South America associated with the final break-up of western Gondwana, and the final opening of the South Atlantic Ocean.…”

Section: Beginning Of Chile-type Subductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tectonic regime along the Andes: Present‐day and Mesozoic regimes

Ramos¹

2009

Geological Journal

230

139

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The analyses of the main parameters controlling the present Chile-type and Marianas-type tectonic settings developed along the eastern Pacific region show four different tectonic regimes: (1) a nearly neutral regime in the Oregon subduction zone; (2) major extensional regimes as the Nicaragua subduction zone developed in continental crust; (3) a Marianas setting in the Sandwich subduction zone with ocean floored back-arc basin with a unique west-dipping subduction zone and (4) the classic and dominant Chile-type under compression. The magmatic, structural and sedimentary behaviours of these four settings are discussed to understand the past tectonic regimes in the Mesozoic Andes based on their present geological and tectonic characteristics. The evaluation of the different parameters that governed the past and present tectonic regimes indicates that absolute motion of the upper plate relative to the hotspot frame and the consequent trench roll-back velocity are the first order parameters that control the deformation. Locally, the influences of the trench fill, linked to the dominant climate in the forearc, and the age of the subducted oceanic crust, have secondary roles. Ridge collisions of seismic and seismic oceanic ridges as well as fracture zone collisions have also a local outcome, and may produce an increase in coupling that reinforces compressional deformation. Local strain variations in the past and present Andes are not related with changes in the relative convergence rate, which is less important than the absolute motion relative to the Pacific hotspot frame, or changes in the thermal state of the upper plate. Changes in the slab dip, mainly those linked to steepening subduction zones, produce significant variations in the thermal state, that are important to generate extreme deformation in the foreland.

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“…However, in many sectors of the Andes, the first stage of Andean uplift took place in the Late Cretaceous. This stage has been recognized in the Peruvian Andes (Steinmann, 1929;Aubouin et al, 1973;Vicente et al, 1979;Mégard, 1984); the north Andes of Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela (Aspden et al, 1992;Jaimes and de Freitas, 2006;MartinGombojav and Winkler, 2008), the Central Andes in Bolivia (Sempere, 1995), and the Patagonian Andes (Biddle et al, 1986;Fildani et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cretaceous Uplift in the Malargüe fold-and-thrust belt (35ºS), southern Central Andes of Argentina and Chile

Mescua

Giambiagi

Ramos

2013

andgeo

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ABSTRACT. The Cordillera de los Andes is the typical example of a subduction-related orogen. Its present topography is the result of post-Miocene uplift, however, Andean compressional deformation and uplift started in the Late Cretaceous, as increasingly recognized in different sectors of the mountain belt. We present evidences of a Late Cretaceous event of compressional deformation in the southern Central Andes (35ºS), reflected in syn-orogenic foreland basin deposits assigned to the Neuquén Group in Argentina and the Brownish-Red Clastic Unit in Chile. Comparison of the facies of these units allows us to recognize a sector proximal to the Late Cretaceous orogenic front, a distal sector with sediment provenance from the forebulge and a western sector where the sediments where deposited within the Late Cretaceous mountain belt. On this basis, we assign the orogenic front to an inverted Jurassic normal fault, the Río del Cobre fault, and reconstruct the structure of the easternmost Late Cretaceous Andes at this latitude. The change in the location of the orogenic front north and south of 35ºS allows us to recognize a long-lived change in behavior in Andean evolution in this sector, which correlates with a change in the shape and the deposits of Mesozoic Neuquén basin. RESUMEN. Levantamiento Cretácico Tardío en la faja plegada y corrida de Malargüe (35ºS), Andes Centrales del sur, Argentina y Chile. La Cordillera de los Andes es el ejemplo típico de un orógeno asociado a subducción. Si bien su topografía actual es el resultado del levantamiento posterior al Mioceno, la deformación y el levantamiento ándicos comenzaron a partir del Cretácico Tardío, como se reconoce actualmente en diversos sectores de la faja montañosa. En este trabajo se presentan evidencias de un evento de deformación compresiva durante el Cretácico Tardío en los Andes Centrales del sur (35ºS) reconocido a partir de los depósitos sinorogénicos asociados, que se asignan al Grupo Neuquén en Argentina y la ʻUnidad Clástica Café-Rojiza' (BRCU) en Chile. Mediante las variaciones de facies en estos depósitos se pueden reconocer un sector proximal cercano al frente orogénico Cretácico Tardío, un sector distal con aporte desde el dorso periférico, y un sector occidental en el que los depósitos se produjeron dentro del cordón montañoso. De esta manera, se puede ubicar el frente orogénico Cretácico Tardío, el que asignamos a la inversión tectónica de una falla normal jurásica, la falla Río del Cobre. El cambio en la ubicación del frente orogénico Cretácico al norte y sur de 35ºS permite reconocer a este sector como un límite entre sectores con diferencias en su evolución andina, que se interpreta como heredado de la evolución de la cuenca Neuquina.

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An Albian–Cenomanian unconformity in the northern Andes: Evidence and tectonic significance

Cited by 52 publications

References 31 publications

The Nazca Ridge and Uplift of the Fitzcarrald Arch: Implications for Regional Geology in Northern South America

The Nazca Ridge and Uplift of the Fitzcarrald Arch: Implications for Regional Geology in Northern South America

The tectonic regime along the Andes: Present‐day and Mesozoic regimes

Late Cretaceous Uplift in the Malargüe fold-and-thrust belt (35ºS), southern Central Andes of Argentina and Chile

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