“…Till date, 3-HPA has been produced as an intermediate by glucose or glycerol fermentation using wild-type strain cells and metabolically engineered cells such as E . coli [ 15 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 41 ], Lactobacillus sp. [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], and Klebsiella pneumoniae [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”