The vibrations in hydraulic pipeline systems inevitably involve the interaction between the two-phase media of a solid and fluid. The fluid flowing in the pipeline generates pressure on the pipeline wall and thus causes vibration and deformation in the pipeline, which in turn changes the fluid flow condition, thereby cyclically affecting the deformation and motion of the solid and fluid and making the pipeline system vulnerable to vibration damage. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical value to investigate the vibration behavior and characteristics of hydraulic pipeline systems. In this study, the fluid flow-induced vibrations in a pipeline system are investigated based on Housner’s differential vibration equation of fluid pipelines. Through the application of relevant mathematical theories and methods, the derivation of the inherent characteristics and dynamic behavior of a hydraulic pipeline system with two hinged ends is simplified, and the corresponding equations for the natural frequencies and dynamic response of the system are obtained. The analytical method for analyzing the vibration behavior and characteristics of the system is presented, and the analytical results of the vibration analysis of the system are obtained through computer simulation, providing a theoretical and technical basis for the safe and reliable operation of the hydraulic pipeline system.