“…(1) 0 , the approximation of (1) , L ka for aÎ {p, q}, kÎ {0,1,…,N-1}\{a}, can be derived as a function of as and similarly, the approximation of (2) , L ka for aÎ {p, q}, k Î {0,1,…,N-1}\{a}, can also be derived as a function of as Therefore, by using the estimated dual phase errors (1) 0 L from (23), we can obtain estimates of ( 29) and ( 30 33) is repeated until all the data samples in an OFDM symbol are detected. This enables the following LDPC decoder to produce reliable a priori information in the first iteration.…”