An Alternative Approach to the Acquisition of a Complex Motor Skill: Multiple Movement Training on Tennis Strokes

Abstract

This study examined an alternative approach to the acquisition of a complex motor skill, using constraints. To determine the effi cacy of two alternative methods of learning tennis strokes, forehand and backhand strokes were practiced over fi ve successive days using two contrasting training methods. The novel, multiple movement method required alternate forehand and backhand strokes, whereas the traditional, simple movement method required repeated forehand or backhand strokes as separate series of events. Five subjects were randomly assigned to each of the two conditions. Their strokes were recorded and analyzed kinematically before and after the training sessions. The simple movement method resulted in no changes in the range of trunk rotation perse, but the center of the range shifted unfavorably, in the direction opposite to that in which the ball was struck, for both forehand and backhand strokes. By contrast, the multiple movement method increased the range of trunk rotation, and the center of the range shifted favorably in the direction toward which the ball was struck, for both strokes. These differences were confi rmed by the trajectories observed in hyper-cylindrical phase space as dynamical systems. In the multiple movement group, the forehand and backhand clusters converged after training, whereas in the simple movement group the two clusters diverged after training. From a dynamical systems perspective, we argue that the multiple movement method achieves its superiority by exploiting the inertia of the trunk rotation movement as a constraint that is produced by the preceding striking action, whether it be forehand or backhand.

Three People Can Synchronize as Coupled Oscillators during Sports Activities

“…To provide stronger evidence of the applications of symmetric Hopf bifurcation theory, we must analyze more small groups, such as those of four or five people, and compare them with the predictive patterns in the theory. Finally, a dynamic system perspective, including symmetric Hopf bifurcation theory, may be able to bridge the gap between theory and practice [27] , [28] to design a coaching philosophy and a practical training regimen [29] .…”

FBG in PVC foils for monitoring the knee joint movement during the rehabilitation process

“…The main objectives for such attention in body kinematics were the further improvements of athletic performance [2] in competitions and to study the historic evaluation of patients to determine if the prescribed therapy is being efficient or not. Different systems for monitoring the body kinematics have been realized using different approaches such as complex electronic systems including a 2.4 GHz radio-frequency (RF) transceiver [3], advanced software algorithms that demand profound specific know- Manuscript [4,5]. Other applications for member monitoring include the assessment of certain neurologic diseases [6,7].…”

Cómo la práctica variable incide sobre el aprendizaje de los golpes de fondo en el tenis de los adultos iniciantes

“…Se observó que la retención para la ejecución de las destrezas del grupo de práctica constante tuvo mejores resultados que el grupo de práctica aleatoria (Memmert, 2006). En un estudio que investigaba las aplicaciones variables en el fútbol, en la ejecución del tiro a larga distancia, se encontró que la precisión a la hora de lanzar el balón resultó mejor en el grupo de práctica variable, que en el grupo de práctica constante, tanto en las pruebas posteriores como en las de retención (Yamamoto, 2004). En otro estudio realizado para detectar los efectos de los enfoques alternativos sobre el aprendizaje del tenis, se utilizaron dos grupos diferentes utilizando los…”