An Alternative Method for the Treatment of Waste Produced at a Dye and a Metal-Plating Industry Using Natural and/or Waste Materials

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop cost-effective, appropriate solidification technologies for treating hazardous industrial wastes that are currently disposed of in ways that may threaten the quality of local groundwater. One major objective was to use materials other than cement, and preferably materials that are themselves wastes, as the solidification additives, namely using wastes to treat wastes or locally available natural material. This research examines the cement-based and lime-based stabilization/solidification (S/S) techniques applied for waste generated at a metal-plating industry and a dye industry. For the lime-based S/S process the following binder mixtures were used: cement kiln dust/ lime, bentonite/lime and gypsum/lime. For the cement-based S/S process three binder mixtures were used: cement kiln dust/cement, bentonite/cement and gypsum/cement. The leachability of the wastes was evaluated using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. The applicability and optimum weight ratio of the binder mixtures were estimated using the unconfined compressive strength test. The optimum ratio mixtures were mixed with waste samples in different ratios and cured for 28 days in order to find the S/S products with the highest strength and lowest leachability at the same time. The results of this work showed that the cement-and lime-based S/S process, using cement kiln dust and bentonite as additives can be effectively used in order to treat industrial waste.

The effect of bentonite/cement mortar for the stabilization/solidification of sewage sludge containing heavy metals

“…Stabilization/Solidification (S/S) is known as one of the most popular techniques for the treatment of hazardous waste and it has been used for decades an encapsulation material, prior to the disposal of radioactive and hazardous wastes [5,6].…”

Treatment of pyrite cinder sludge after usage in dye degradation: Feasibility study

“…In the following period the values have stabilized and were around 7.5, due to mutual neutralization of the present materials, indicating that the leachates are not aggressive and corrosive in nature. Observing different mixtures it was concluded that pH values were not greatly affected by increased portion of the sludge [7,42]. In a similar manner conductivity was lower at the beginning of the test as the leachates were renewed every day.…”

“…Stabilization and solidification (S/S) is characterized as the best available technique for the treatment of hazardous and other waste types [7,8], and has been extensively used as the final treatment step prior to the disposal of industrial wastes. Typically, the stabilization processes also involve some form of the physical solidification [9].…”

Immobilization of some metals in contaminated sludge by zeolite prepared from local materials

“…Various technologies have been developed to transform hazardous wastes to nontoxic forms or to reduce the potential release of toxic species into the environment (Conner 1990;Pereira, Pinero, and Vale 2001;Dermatas and Meng 2003;Samaras et al 2008;Lasheen and Ammar 2009). Recently, more attention is paid to the sludge stabilization process aiming to minimize the mobility of metals using various additives where the toxic constituents present in hazardous solid sludge are physically as well as chemically fixed to ensure the compliance with existing regulatory standards (Conner 1990;Dermatas et al 2004;Fatta et al 2004;Malviya and Chaudhary 2006;Montinaro et al 2007;Giergiczny and Kro´l 2008;Buj et al 2010). One of the promising binders is diatomaceous earth, occurring as artificial zeolites and natural sorbents (clinoptylolite), the addition of which can improve the physicochemical properties of the sewage sludge.…”