An Amperometric Needle‐type Glucose Sensor Tested in Rats and Man

Matthews, David R.; Bown, E.; Beck, Thomas W.; Plotkin, E V; Lock, Lye T.; Gosden, Edward; Wickham, Martin S. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.1988.tb00978.x

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For this reason, they have been used extensively in other areas of biology and medicine, in vitro and in vivo, as auxiliary and/or reference electrodes, for the measurement of dissolved oxygen (8), pH (11), ions (12), glucose (13), and other species (14). Recently, two groups developing needle-type subcutaneous glucose sensors (15,16) proposed silver/silver chloride electrocardiogram external reference electrodes as an alternative to implanted auxiliary/reference electrodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Stability of Electrode Potentials in Needle-Type Glucose Sensors: Influence of Needle Material

Froguel¹,

Sternberg²,

Thévenot³

et al. 1989

Diabetes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enzymatic glucose sensors are based on the amperometric detection of an oxidable species generated during the oxidation of glucose by glucose oxidase. This measurement usually requires a working electrode (anode), an auxiliary electrode (cathode), and a reference electrode, the function of the latter being to keep constant the working potential of the anode, which is responsible for current generation. However, in the needle-type glucose sensors proposed so far, the reference electrode is missing, and its function is performed by the auxiliary electrode. We investigated, in vitro and in vivo in rats, the ability of several cathode-needle materials to behave as a reference electrode in two-electrode glucose sensors, i.e., to present a stable auxiliary electrode potential. In vitro, when glucose concentration was raised from 0 to 30 mM, the auxiliary potential of both gold- and silver-coated sensors presented a cathodic drift, whereas that of silver/silver chloride-coated sensors remained stable. In vivo, during insulin-induced hypoglycemia (5.9-2.4 mM), the auxiliary potentials of all sensors remained stable, whereas during glucose infusion (mean blood glucose concentration 11.2 mM), the auxiliary potentials of both gold- and silver-coated sensors presented an anodic drift, whereas those of silver/silver chloride-coated sensors remained stable. We also indirectly quantified the changes in sensor response induced by variations in the working potential in vitro and in vivo, simulating those that might be produced by a drift in the auxiliary potential. Such changes in the working potential could bring about a 30% unspecific variation in sensor response. We conclude that improvements in sensor analytical characteristics should be obtained with silver/silver-chloride-coated cathodes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Stability of Electrode Potentials in Needle-Type Glucose Sensors: Influence of Needle Material

Froguel¹,

Sternberg²,

Thévenot³

et al. 1989

Diabetes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…9 With a subcutaneously implanted amperometric glucose sensor, Matthews et al observed no lag in healthy subjects during a glucose clamp experiment. 10 In another study with a subcutaneously implanted biosensor, lag times ranging between 0 and 45 min were reported for peak glucose after a glucose load in healthy subjects. 11 In the same article, lag times of 0-15 min were reported for the glucose nadir in an insulin infusion test of healthy subjects.…”

Section: Introduction T Here Has Been a Great Deal Of Interest Inmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparison of Glucose Levels in Dermal Interstitial Fluid and Finger Capillary Blood

Stout¹,

Peled²,

Erickson³

et al. 2001

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alternative methods for self-monitoring of blood glucose have been pursued by many researchers, largely in response to evidence gathered in several long-term studies of patients with diabetes mellitus. These studies suggest that long-term complications of the disease may be mitigated if the disease is intensively managed, a component of which is increased monitoring. Many of the alternative methods utilize interstitial fluid (ISF) as the diagnostic fluid, rather than finger blood. A time lag in the distribution of glucose from blood to the interstitium has been observed by many, with estimates of lag time varying from none to 45 min. Dermal ISF was sampled from diabetic subjects in two tests and compared to finger blood glucose. In the first test, data were collected over time in a manner that allowed a cross-correlation analysis to predict an average lag time. Information from this test was then used as input to a data collection format for a method comparison test of 691 patients with diabetes in which ISF data were collected immediately after the finger blood reference and 15 min after the reference. An average lag time of about 25 min was determined from the cross-correlation analysis, with the correlation error reduced by three-fourths within a 15-min lag time. In the method comparison test, the correlation coefficient between finger blood glucose and ISF glucose improved from 0.923 to 0.951, and the percentage of data in the A zone of the Clarke Error Grid rose from 80.2% to 90.6% for the ISF glucose data collected at no lag and 15-min lag, respectively. Dermal ISF glucose measurement might be a reasonable alternative to blood glucose measurement for patients routinely monitoring ambient glycemia, although more testing in the sensitive hypoglycemic range is needed to clarify what might happen in cases of rapidly changing glucose.

show abstract

“…Notably, needle-type, subcutaneous sensors containing GOD have been developed. In some cases, mediated sensors have also been proposed (Matthews et al 1988, Boutelle et al 1986Sakakida et al 1993, Linke et al 1994, despite the fact that it is difficult to retain low-molecular weight mediators at the electrode (Schuhmann et al 1990) and in face of evidence that xenobiotic mediators such as ferrocenes can have toxic effects (Leung et al 1987, Nikula et al 1993. Evaluation of the mutagenic activity of redox mediators seems to be necessary for at least two reasons: (1) safety of investigators constructing new biosensors and (2) preventing patients from possible prolonged exposure in the case of in vivo sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenic activity of group VIII metal-organic complexes in the Ames test: evaluation of potential glucose biosensor components

et al. 1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Five novel tris-(4,4'-substituted-2,2'-bipyridine) complexes of the group VIII metals [Fe(ll), Ru(ll) and Os(ll)](all having been previously examined electrochemically with respect to their ability to act as electron-transfer mediators for redox enzymes) were assayed in the Ames test to evaluate their mutagenic activity. For the bipyridine complexes, some complexes did exhibit mutagenic activity in the circumstances of this test, whereas others did not. this is comparable to the results known from the literature for ferrocene mediators. There was no specific correlation with the identities of the metal and ligand type; the possible explanations of the results are discussed in this paper. It seems probable that the penetration of the whole compound inside bacterial cells depends on the organic part of a complex, with only then the possible genotoxic activity of the complex being revealed. In view of our mutagenic test results, such complexes found to be mutagenic should not be taken into consideration as components of implanted glucose sensors in future in vivo experiments.

show abstract

An Amperometric Needle‐type Glucose Sensor Tested in Rats and Man

Cited by 44 publications

References 16 publications

In Vitro and In Vivo Stability of Electrode Potentials in Needle-Type Glucose Sensors: Influence of Needle Material

In Vitro and In Vivo Stability of Electrode Potentials in Needle-Type Glucose Sensors: Influence of Needle Material

Comparison of Glucose Levels in Dermal Interstitial Fluid and Finger Capillary Blood

Mutagenic activity of group VIII metal-organic complexes in the Ames test: evaluation of potential glucose biosensor components

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About