An Analog Computer for Studying Heat Transfer During a Thermal Recovery Process

Vogel, Lutz; Krueger, R.

doi:10.2118/534-g

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Initial models to describe the in-situ combustion process were analytical heat transfer models (Vogel and Krueger 1955, Ramey 1959, Bailey and Larkin 1960, Chu 1963, Thonias 1963, Penberthy and Ramey 1966, Godfried 1966, Penberthy 1967). Subsequent models have included the kinetics of lumped reactions: a steadyst sLtemodel by Agca and Yortsos (1985), and a model for simulation of combustion tube experiments which incorporates thermal cracking and low-temperature oxidation (Millour ct al.…”

Section: Introd(1ctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of in situ combustion. SUPRI TR 91

Mamora¹,

Ramey²,

Brigham³

et al. 1993

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Oxidation kinetic experiments with various crude oil types show two reaction peaks at about 250°C (482°F) and 400°C (725°F). These experiments lead to the conclusion that the fuel during high temperature oxidation is an oxygenated hydrocarbon. A new oxidation reaction model has been developed which includes two partiallyoverlapping reactions: namely, low-temperature oxidation followed by high-temperature oxidation. For the fuel oxidation reaction, the new model includes the effects of sand grain size and the atomic hydrogen-carbon (H/C) and oxygen-carbon (O/C) ratios of the fuel. Results based on the new model are in good agreement with the experimental data. Methods have been developed to calculate the atomic H/C and O/C ratios. These methods consider the oxygen in the oxygenated fuel, and enable a direct comparison of the atomic H/C ratios obtained from kinetic and combustion tube experiments. The finding that the fuel in kinetic tube experiments is an oxygenated hydrocarbon indicates that oxidation reactions are different in kinetic and combustion tube experiments. A new experimental technique or method of analysis will be required to obtain kinetic parameters for oxidation reactions encountered in combustion tube experiments and field operations,

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Section: Introd(1ctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of in situ combustion. SUPRI TR 91

Mamora¹,

Ramey²,

Brigham³

et al. 1993

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Modeling the Toe-to-Heel Air Injection Process by Introducing a New Method of Type-Curve Match

Jabbari¹,

Kharrat

Zeng³

et al. 2010

SPE Western Regional Meeting

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Toe-to-heel air injection (THAI), a method of in-situ combustion, was studied in this research. The temperature distribution was analytically formulated and compared to the experimental data. The objective of this study was to investigate the application of horizontal wells to thermal recovery via the gravity drainage mechanism, both analytically and experimentally. To do so, first, the differential equations of heat transfer around the moving burning front in a vertical combustion tube were derived. Solutions of those equations were obtained. Then, the recorded temperatures within the combustion tube were compared to the results of the analytical model. Finally, new "type-curves" were generated for approximating the front velocity factor which seemed to be applicable to process optimization.

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Near Wellbore and Reservoir Effects in In-Situ Combustion

et al. 2015

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In addition to the physical processes relevant in conventional oil production, additional physical-chemical processes have to be considered for in-situ combustion. These processes include heat conduction, steam drive and the kinetics and thermodynamics of combustion.To determine the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, kinetic cell and combustion tube experiments were performed.In this study, oil from a commercially producing in-situ combustion field was sampled. A newly developed kinetic cell was used which enabled performing experiments at various heating rates. The large range of heating rates is used for describing the reactions in the combustion tube and near-wellbore as well as for the conditions at the front in a larger distance from the wells.The near-wellbore during in-situ combustion is characterized by fast movement of the combustion front, large heating rates at a given location and spatial separation of low-and high temperature combustion reactions.Once the front propagates further away from the wells, the speed of the front reduces to less than 0.05 m/d. At this speed of the front, heat conduction ahead of the front warms the reservoir up without oxygen being present. Oxygen arriving at the front results in Low and High Temperature Oxidation occurring almost simultaneously.The far-field conditions were mimicked by pre-heating a kinetic cell prior to exposing it to air. These experiments showed that for these conditions, the high and low temperature oxidation reactions cannot be distinguished and could be approximated by a single reaction.This study shows that a simplified reaction scheme might be used to simulate the reservoir effects of combustion whereas for simulating the early phase of an in-situ combustion project, a more exhaustive set of chemical reactions might be required.The results of the study can be used to investigate the start-up phase of an in-situ combustion project (near-wellbore effect focus) and the effects during advancement of the combustion front in the reservoir.Using the example of a Central European field operated using in-situ combustion in a line-drive configuration, the near-wellbore and far field operational aspects are shown.

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An Analog Computer for Studying Heat Transfer During a Thermal Recovery Process

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Kinetics of in situ combustion. SUPRI TR 91

Kinetics of in situ combustion. SUPRI TR 91

Modeling the Toe-to-Heel Air Injection Process by Introducing a New Method of Type-Curve Match

Near Wellbore and Reservoir Effects in In-Situ Combustion

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