An analog vlsi chip emulating sustained and transient response channels of the vertebrate retina

Kameda, Seiji; Yagi, T.

doi:10.1109/tnn.2003.816343

Cited by 90 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…An original model of the silicon retina has been fabricated previously [17]. Since the architecture of the silicon retina has been described elsewhere [17], it is described only brief ly here. The circuit has been designed on the basis of the model of the outer retinal circuit [4].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A single pixel consists of a photosensor circuit, namely, the active pixel sensor (APS), two layers of the resistive networks, and two sample-and-hold differential amplifiers. Each pixel is connected to four neighboring pixels through metaloxide semiconductor (MOS) resistors forming the resistive network that emulates the neuronal syncytium of the photoreceptor and of the horizontal cell (the originally fabricated chip has hexagonal connections; refer to [17] for details). The sample-and-hold differential amplifiers embedded in each pixel circuit calculate the difference between the output from the photoreceptor resistive network and the horizontal cell resistive network, emulating the center-surround antagonistic receptive field of the bipolar cell.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several types of neuromorphic silicon retinas have been fabricated previously to emulate the center-surround receptive fi eld organization of the outer retinal circuits [13][14][15][16][17]. These silicon…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-Time Emulation of Neural Images in the Outer Retinal Circuit

Hasegawa¹,

Yagi²

2008

J. Physiol. Sci

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Abstract:We describe a novel real-time system that emulates the architecture and functionality of the vertebrate retina. This system reconstructs the neural images formed by the retinal neurons in real time by using a combination of analog and digital systems consisting of a neuromorphic silicon retina chip, a field-programmable gate array, and a digital computer. While the silicon retina carries out the spatial filtering of input images instantaneously, using the embedded resistive networks that emulate the receptive field structure of the outer retinal neurons, the digital computer carries out the temporal filtering of the spatially filtered images to emulate the dynamic properties of the outer retinal circuits. The emulations of the neural image, including 128 × 128 bipolar cells, are carried out at a frame rate of 62.5 Hz. The emulation of the response to the Hermann grid and a spot of light and an annulus of light has demonstrated that the system responds as expected by previous physiological and psychophysical observations. Furthermore, the emulated dynamics of neural images in response to natural scenes revealed the complex nature of retinal neuron activity. We have concluded that the system reflects the spatiotemporal responses of bipolar cells in the vertebrate retina. The proposed emulation system is expected to aid in understanding the visual computation in the retina and the brain.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-Time Emulation of Neural Images in the Outer Retinal Circuit

Hasegawa¹,

Yagi²

2008

J. Physiol. Sci

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“…The outer unit is composed of the silicon retina system with image-processing circuit (see Refs. [23], [24], [25], [26]) and a wireless communication unit to exchange data with the inner unit. The silicon retina system in Ref.…”

Section: Targeted Artificial Vision Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Energy Application Specific Instruction-Set Processor towards a Low-Computational Lossless Compression Method for Stimuli Position Data of Artificial Vision Systems

Sugiura

Imai

et al. 2017

Journal of Information Processing

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This paper proposes a novel data compression method for artificial vision systems and its low-energy implementation in order to reduce energy consumption in a wireless communication subsystem. The artificial vision systems are one of the methods for realizing visual prosthesis by controlling stimulus to visual nerves, and they consist of an inner stimulating unit and an outer image processing unit. The outer unit transmits information regarding stimulation to the inner unit via wireless communication, which occupies a large portion of the whole energy consumption. Reducing traffic in wireless communication is important to prevent damage caused by extra heat dissipation of the inner unit, which leads to excess energy consumption. The proposed compression method marks a higher compression ratio than the conventional compression methods by taking advantage of the analyses of stimuli position data, which is dominant in traffic. The proposed method is implemented as an application-domain specific instruction-set processor to achieve both configurability of stimulation control and compression efficiency. The evaluation results show that the proposed implementation reduces energy consumption by about 87% and 62% in the compression and decompression process, respectively. These results indicate that the proposed method can expect to reduce energy consumption in a wireless communication receiver dramatically.

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“…3 (a) shows the process flow of the retina emulator. The retina emulator consists of a silicon retina [6], wherein a photosensor array is implemented together with resistive networks, and a digital computer. The details of the system are described in [2].…”

Section: Real-time Retina Emulation During Fixational Eye Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulation of retinal cell responses during fixational eye movements

Hasegawa

Yagi

2010

IEICE Electron. Express

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Abstract:In this paper, a real-time simulation of neural activities of the retinal circuits during fixational eye movements is presented. The fixational eye movements were emulated using a digital logic circuit implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip and installed on a previously designed retina emulator that consists of 96 × 96 pixels of photodiodes with double-layered resistive networks and a digital computer. The emulated eye movements well reproduced the temporal properties of the drift component of fixational eye movements. The system developed in the present study can emulate retinal responses to natural scenes during fixational eye movements, and it can be used to realistically and effectively analyze the visual functions of the retina.

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An analog vlsi chip emulating sustained and transient response channels of the vertebrate retina

Cited by 90 publications

References 30 publications

Real-Time Emulation of Neural Images in the Outer Retinal Circuit

Real-Time Emulation of Neural Images in the Outer Retinal Circuit

A Low-Energy Application Specific Instruction-Set Processor towards a Low-Computational Lossless Compression Method for Stimuli Position Data of Artificial Vision Systems

Emulation of retinal cell responses during fixational eye movements

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