An analysis of a behavioral intervention for children undergoing venipuncture.

Abstract

An examination of factors was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the distraction component of a behavioral intervention (use of a party blower). In one condition, parents were instructed to coach children in the use of a party blower and to praise child cooperation. In a second condition, nurses were instructed to assist parents in coaching the child. Parents used the coaching skills they learned and got their children to use the distraction technique. Use of the distraction technique was associated with less crying. Encouragement from a health care professional and intervention early in the procedure did not enhance the intervention's effectiveness. Older children and children who were less distressed during the initial phase of the procedure were less likely to reject the intervention.

Distraction methods for pain relief of cancer children submitted to painful procedures: systematic review

“…Studies have shown that parents are able to play an active role in supporting and training their children during the procedure 13 , fact that is confirmed by other studies which have also counted on parents' role during intervention and/or during evaluation 12,[14][15][16][17][18][19]21 . The study working with party blower 18,19 , has also effectively incorporated parents in the intervention process, even evaluating their distress during procedure 19 . Parents-children relationship favors coping with and accepting the distraction intervention, during knowingly painful procedures.…”

“…The wide variety of age groups (younger age=2 years and older age=19 years) causes major divergences, since it simultaneously encompasses different development stages and cognitive capacities, being even important to consider the use and evaluation of adequate devices for younger children 14,15 . On the other hand, Manne et al 18 state that, according to their study data, older children tend to cooperate and present more positive results to distraction interventions as compared to younger children, for not rejecting distraction that much. It should be noted that studies have indicated as fragility the fact that they have not followed criteria with regard to evaluators blinding 14,15,19 .…”

“…Parents-children relationship favors coping with and accepting the distraction intervention, during knowingly painful procedures. Manne et al 18 suggest that the link between parents and children is extremely relevant for the effectiveness of the intervention when it depends on the training offered by parents to children. It was observed among selected studies that different distraction forms may be considered effective strategies for pain relief and control, in addition to decreasing distress, affliction, fear and anxiety; however the literature shows the need for expansion and analysis with regard to study samples.…”

“…It was observed among selected studies that different distraction forms may be considered effective strategies for pain relief and control, in addition to decreasing distress, affliction, fear and anxiety; however the literature shows the need for expansion and analysis with regard to study samples. A large part of the studies state that sample was small 12,[18][19][20] indicating in their analyses the need for experiments with larger samples [13][14][15]18,20 . The wide variety of age groups (younger age=2 years and older age=19 years) causes major divergences, since it simultaneously encompasses different development stages and cognitive capacities, being even important to consider the use and evaluation of adequate devices for younger children 14,15 .…”

Aspectos afetivos na percepção da dor pediátrica, estresse e qualidade de vida de crianças hospitalizadas

“…Deste modo, torna-se necessário a construção e uso de métodos de avaliação e de estratégias de intervenção que reduzam o sofrimento da criança, atuando na prevenção das reações de dor e da ansiedade em procedimentos seguintes (Dahlquist, Pendley, Landthrip, Jones & Steuber, 2002;Dahlquist, McKenna, Jones, Dillinger, Weiss & Ackerman, 2007;Klosky, Tyc, Srivastava, Tong, Kronenberg, Booker & Merchant, 2004;Manne, Bakeman, Jacobsen, Gorfinkle & Redd, 1994;Manne, Redd, Jacobsen, Gorfinkle, Schorr & Rapkin, 1990 Além das crianças, os adolescentes também foram avaliados em um estudo sobre o enfrentamento das situações de estresse relacionadas à diabetes tipo 1 (Jaser & White, 2011).…”