An analysis of affordability of cigarettes and bidis in India

Rana, Kirtan; Goel, Sonu; Prinja, Shankar

doi:10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.08.020

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…For example, in their projection of the affordability of cigarettes and bidis from 2017 to 2025, Rana et val. 39 found that whilst the affordability for cigarettes decreased to -9.9% after a 100% increase in tax, that of bidi decreased to -8.61% only after a 200% increase in tax by the end of 2025. Because they are cheaper, bidis are usually smoked by people of lower socioeconomic status, whilst cigarettes tend to be smoked by those of higher socioeconomic status 40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, the reduction in users of cigarettes was higher in each education category than users of bidis, between the two GATS surveys. Although consumers in India perceive bidis to be an inferior product relative to cigarettes, there is still a possibility that cigarette smokers switch to bidi smoking when they cannot afford to buy cigarettes because of high price 41,39 . Thus, the fact that current increases in the price of bidis do not seem to reduce the likelihood of bidi use by individuals has a potential to result in widening of health inequalities between the rich and the poor, the educated and uneducated, and rural versus urban populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the fact that current increases in the price of bidis do not seem to reduce the likelihood of bidi use by individuals has a potential to result in widening of health inequalities between the rich and the poor, the educated and uneducated, and rural versus urban populations. In addition, if cigarette smokers shift to bidi use as the cigarettes become more expensive, the change in smoking prevalence in the country will be negligible 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association between the retail price of manufactured cigarettes and bidis on current smoking status in India

Nayak¹,

Kamath²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION In India, the retail prices of bidis and cigarettes varied between the two Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (GATS) conducted in 2009-2010 and 2016-2017. The relationship between the retail price of smoked tobacco products and their use is unclear for India. Our study thus aimed to use available datasets to investigate the association between the retail price and current smoking status of bidis and cigarettes in India. METHODS Current smoking status data for bidis and cigarettes were obtained from the two GATS rounds. The average state-level retail prices of bidis and cigarettes were obtained from India's Consumer Price Index-Industrial Workers database. Descriptive statistics were used to describe current smoking status patterns. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used to investigate the association between the retail prices and current smoking status of bidis and cigarettes. RESULTS For cigarettes, an increase in the average retail price by one Indian Rupee was associated with a reduction in the odds of being a current smoker of 7% (OR=0.925; 95% CI: 0.918-0.932, p<0.001). For bidis, the association between the retail price and current smoking status was not statistically significant (OR=1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.02, p=0.082). CONCLUSIONS Current increases in the retail prices of tobacco products in India seem to have an impact on the use of cigarettes but not bidis. This highlights the need for tobacco product tax increases that result in sufficient retail prices increase to make all tobacco products less affordable and reduce their use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The association between the retail price of manufactured cigarettes and bidis on current smoking status in India

Nayak¹,

Kamath²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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“…Though the affordability of cigarettes has declined since 2010, accessibility and affordability of bidis, a significant smoked tobacco product in India, remain a concern. Studies have found that a substantial increase in taxes on tobacco products at par with increasing income can reverse the affordability of these products 30 31…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have found that a substantial increase in taxes on tobacco products at par with increasing income can reverse the affordability of these products. 30 31 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and determinants of tobacco use initiation in India: analysis of two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

Verma,

Rana,

Bhatt

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesEarly initiation of tobacco use can lead to lifelong addiction and increases tobacco-attributable morbidity and mortality. This study assesses trends in tobacco use initiation and factors associated with tobacco use initiation using disaggregated data from two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey India (GATS; 2009–2010 (GATS 1) and 2016–2017 (GATS 2)).DesignSecondary analysis of repeated cross-sectional studies.Settings and participantsThe study involved data from 69 296 individuals and 76 069 households in GATS 1 and 74 037 individuals and 77 170 households in GATS 2, two rounds of a nationally representative survey in India.Outcome measuresMean age of initiation (as recalled by the participants) of smoked and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use (dependent variable) was compared and analysed across different sociodemographic variables (independent factors). We assessed change in mean age of initiation of tobacco usage on a daily basis between GATS 1 and GATS 2, and investigated the factors associated with early tobacco use initiation in the GATS 2 dataset (reported using adjusted ORs (aORs) with 95% CIs).ResultsThe mean age of initiation of smoked tobacco and SLT in GATS 2 was 20.9±8.5 and 22.3±10.6 years, compared with 18.5±9.7 and 19.7±12.0 years in GATS 1. The mean age of initiation increased with age and among those who were better aware of the adverse effects of tobacco. As per GATS 2, males initiated smoked tobacco and SLT use earlier (20.6±7.4 and 21.7±9.1) than females (23.3±14.2 and 23.2±12.6 years). Younger participants (15–24 years) reported earlier initiation of SLT (15.5±4.2 years) compared with others. Binary logistic regression depicted variables associated with early initiation of tobacco. Awareness about the harms caused by tobacco affected the odds of SLT (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.7) and dual usage initiation (1.8, 1.6 to 2.0), but not of initiation of smoked tobacco products (1.1, 0.9 to 1.2).ConclusionsMore robust health advocacy campaigns that communicate the harmful effects of tobacco on health could be useful to delay tobacco initiation, along with reducing the ease of access and affordability of tobacco products among vulnerable groups.

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An analysis of affordability of cigarettes and bidis in India

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

The association between the retail price of manufactured cigarettes and bidis on current smoking status in India

The association between the retail price of manufactured cigarettes and bidis on current smoking status in India

Trends and determinants of tobacco use initiation in India: analysis of two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

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