An Analysis of Biomechanical Parameters in OTP Police Physical Intervention Techniques for Occupational Risk Prevention

Vera-Jiménez, José C.; Meléndez-Sánchez, Felipe L.; Álvarez, José Ángel Pérez; Ayuso, Jesús

doi:10.3390/ijerph19116615

Cited by 8 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Regular training usually consists in a number of reactive actions based on martial arts and combat sports (Vera-Jiménez, 2022) [12], where attacks are targeted to specific vital organs (Vera-Jiménez, 2020) [13] and the preventive actions require the use of tools on specific vulnerable body parts (arms and legs) to inflict moderate and controlled pain for a less harmful outcome. Naturally, any direct action on the extremities may be closely associated to either bone fractures and dislocations or contusions of the soft tissues or neurovascular structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Rokoko Smartsuit Pro (a suit with sensors to capture movement and other variables) is fundamental for the purpose of this study. This equipment provides a set of data suitable for their analysis by Biomechanics of Bodies software applications (Shippen, 2016) [15], such as the Marras' risk assessment method, or also REBA and NIOSH that were used previously (Vera-Jiménez, 2022) [16]. Marras' analysis allows to identify and discriminate, for instance, between high and low risk of work-related lumbar spine disorders based on a multiple logistic regression model that comprises a combination of five workplace movements and other factors (Marras, 1993) [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same procedures can be applied to the analysis and assessment of the injury risks associated to OTP and compare these against those associated to traditional physical intervention techniques [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Multidisciplinary Vision of the Criminal, Social and Occupational Risk Consequences of the Use of Police Force

Vera-Jiménez¹,

Villero-Carro²,

González-Herrera³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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(1) Background: the use of force by Public and Private Security Forces is currently an issue of great relevance because of the potential injuries that any excessive use of force by either the active or passive subjects or a deficit in the real mastery of the appropriate Physical Intervention Techniques (PIT) may cause. For this reason, certain traditionally used Physical Intervention Techniques have been questioned by scientific research studies and punished by justice. On the other hand, certain media have dealt with this matter in a biased and unfair manner by broadcasting videos where the use of force by police officer is displayed out of context. As a consequence, this problem has been brought under the spotlight, causing general uneasiness of the communities and rapidly spreading over social networks while favoring all sorts of parallel judgments. (2) Research method: A suit equipped with 19 Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) and a Biomechanics of Bodies software application for the Marras’ analysis of the data collected on trajectory, trunk twisting velocity, its sagittal angle, load, nature and severity of the injuries associated to the different intervention techniques that have been examined. (3) Results: according to the data registered, the implementation of Operational Tactical Procedures (OTP) reduces the probability of injuries and leads to a more satisfactory outcome. (4) Conclusions: the implementation of Operational Tactical Procedures, to-gether with the awareness on the risks associated to the excessive use of force by Public and Private Security Forces and Bodies, could reduce the risk of injuries suffered by both officers and citizens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Multidisciplinary Vision of the Criminal, Social and Occupational Risk Consequences of the Use of Police Force

Vera-Jiménez¹,

Villero-Carro²,

González-Herrera³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this sense OTPs should be considered as an innovation, Vera et al [27]. Unlike the traditionally taught techniques, OTPs not only avoid hitting any vital areas and causing serious harm to opponents, but they also represent a lesser risk of injuries for Police officers themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total muscle power. It is another of the PEP that was mentioned as very important in a previous paper [27]. Muscle power, expressed in watts, has been calculated as the amount of energy per time used to complete a specific job.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Traditional Physical Intervention Techniques vs. Operational Tactical Procedures Techniques in the Use of Force During Police Arrests

Vera-Jiménez¹,

Villero-Carro²,

Pastor-Fernández³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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(1) Background: A set of relevant Police Ergonomics Parameters (PEP) has been used for the assessment and prevention of occupational risks involved in Police Physical Interventions (PITs). Through this set of PEPs, a comparison has been made between 2 traditional PITs against 2 novel OTPs (Operational Tactical Procedures). (2) Method: The data have been collected by means of a motion capture suit fitted with 19 Inertial Measurement Units, IMUs. A specific and powerful software package specific for ergonomic analysis has been used to manage the large amount of data registered and to generate a series of 3-dimensional plots. Traditional PITs and newer OTPs have been performed for their analysis. Specifically, the PEPs corresponding to the implementation of 4 PITs have been analyzed by collecting the measurements provided by a set of IMUs installed on a motion capture suit and their occupational risk assessments have been compared against those corresponding to newer OTPs. (3) Results: For the 4 PITs, the PEPs have been analyzed with the measured values from the IMUs, throughout the duration of each technique. The two traditional intervention techniques have scored higher than the new OTPs in the REBA system, the Assymetry angle, L5-Pelvis Shear and Joint Contac Forces, and the Total Muscle Power measurements. (4) Conclusions: It has been confirmed that the new OPTs minimize the risk of injuries, since their PEPs reached lower values than those corresponding to the traditional PITs, which are still being taught at Police academies.

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Police Ergonomic Parameters as a Method to Evaluate the Training at Cadiz Public Security School on the Use of Police Force of Candidates to Become Local Police Officers in Andalucía.

Vera-Jiménez,

Villero-Carro,

Gonzalez-Herrera3

et al. 2023

Preprint

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ABSTRACT(1) Background:. Because of the numerous debates about the training on the use of force provided to police officers, this study intends to evaluate several parameters (Police Ergonomic Parameters, PEP) in connection with such training. (2) Research method: : A smartsuit equipped with a set of 19 wireless sensors including triaxial accelerometers, Inertial Measurement Units (IMU), gyroscopes and geomagnetic sensors has been used. Biomechanics of Body (BoB) software application allowed to evaluate the risks associated to the basic technique number 1 of the Operational Tactical Procedures (OTP) with regard to the established parameters (PEP). The OTP basic technique number 1 was performed by 4 novice police officers. (3) Results: According to the evaluation of a number of specific parameters such as Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), asymmetry over the sagittal plane, compression force at the L5-pelvic junction, shear force at the L5-pelvic junction and total muscle power, it was observed that the measured values clearly varied depending on each individual's performance, although they remained consistent with the values established by Police Ergonomic Parameters, and were significantly different from the values measured when a police officer used a traditional physical intervention procedure, in which case, the values measured were indicative of higher risks. (4) Conclusions: In order to achieve lower and more uniform values in terms of risk, we believe that it is necessary to employ a greater number of hours to the training of police officers on the use of force and also the convenience of conducting further studies on a larger and more representative sample of officers.

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An Analysis of Biomechanical Parameters in OTP Police Physical Intervention Techniques for Occupational Risk Prevention

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

A Multidisciplinary Vision of the Criminal, Social and Occupational Risk Consequences of the Use of Police Force

A Multidisciplinary Vision of the Criminal, Social and Occupational Risk Consequences of the Use of Police Force

Comparison of Traditional Physical Intervention Techniques vs. Operational Tactical Procedures Techniques in the Use of Force During Police Arrests

Police Ergonomic Parameters as a Method to Evaluate the Training at Cadiz Public Security School on the Use of Police Force of Candidates to Become Local Police Officers in Andalucía.

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