An analysis of clinical and imaging features of unilateral impacted maxillary central incisors: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: This cross-sectional study sought to assess clinical features and 3-dimensional distribution of unilateral impacted maxillary central incisors and identify factors associated with the root morphology. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from 94 subjects exhibiting unilateral impacted maxillary incisors were selected and evaluated. Original CBCT data were reconstructed using Mimics software (version 17.0; Materialise, Belgium). Clinical features and 3-dimensional distribution of impacted maxillary central incisors and factors associated with the root morphology were observed and analyzed by 2 orthodontists. Results: This patient cohort included 52 male patients and 42 female patients. Thirty-three incisors (35.11%) with dilacerated roots, 17 incisors (18.09%) with retained deciduous teeth, 15 incisors (15.96%) with supernumerary teeth, and 15 incisors (15.96%) with a history of trauma were identified in the study. Of the 94 impacted incisors, the most common were labially impacted (n 5 65; 69.15%), followed by vertically impacted (n 5 17; 18.09%) and palatally impacted (n 5 12; 12.77%). Chi-square tests revealed that differences in subjects with supernumerary teeth, buccolingual position, sagittal position, and axial position in the upright and dilacerated root groups were statistically significant (P \0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the incidence of dilacerations was higher in the inverted position than in the inclined position and horizontal position (P \0.05). Conclusions: Labially impacted maxillary incisors were more common than vertically or palatally incisors. Dilaceration was most commonly observed in patients with inverted incisors. In clinical practice, CBCT is a valuable tool for diagnosing impacted maxillary central incisors and for making appropriate treatment plans for patients. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021

The design and clinical application of a new appliance to treat impacted maxillary central incisors

“…In a study by Tan et al [3], impacted permanent maxillary central incisors represented 70.6% of all impacted incisors in Chinese orthodontic patients. In a study by Hui et al [4], the rates of labial impaction were higher among patients with vertical or palatal impaction. Unlike impacted canines, which are caused by genetics, absence of lateral incisors, and abnormal dental germ positioning [5], maxillary central incisor eruption may be blocked by supernumerary teeth, odontomas, dental trauma of primary teeth, follicular cysts and crown-root dilacerations [6,7].…”

Eruption disturbances in the mixed dentition: orthodontic considerations for primary dental care

“…1 ). 7 , 8 , 9 The Royal College of Surgeons of England has published guidelines regarding the investigation and management of unerupted maxillary incisors. 10 Although based mainly on retrospective case investigations, epidemiological studies, case reports and opinion‐based papers, guidance is provided on the diagnosis and management of this condition.…”

Radiographic assessment and management of two deeply and horizontally impacted maxillary central incisors: A clinical case report

“…Impaction of maxillary central incisors occurs with a multifactorial etiology and a prevalence of 0.06%-0.24% [ 1 , 2 ]. Mesiodens is the most common supernumerary tooth with a prevalence rate of 0.15%-1.9% located in the maxillary midline [ 3 , 4 ].…”