An analysis of electrocardiogram of alligator sinensis

Wang, Zhao-Xian; Sun, Ning-Zhen; Mao, Weiping; Chen, Jieping; Huang, Gong-Qino

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(91)90582-w

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Temporal lobe is the source of 70% of seizures bradycardia or There are some limitations of our study. First of all, EEG abnormal rate of our study was lower than that of the peers [12]. It's mainly because that we only counted the T wave alternans and Q-T dispersion, while other ECG abnormalities were not included in the statistics, thus causing some deviations .So the comprehensive judgment is needed in future analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Analysis of the Q-T Dispersion and T Wave Alternans in Patients with Epilepsy

Shan¹,

Cheng²

2017

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Objectives: There is a high rate of sudden death in epilepsy patients, part of which is sudden cardiac death. By investigating ECG T wave alternans and Q-T dispersion changes of epilepsy patients, we may predict the possibility of the occurrence of sudden death and provide basis for clinical prevention. Methods: Selecting 587 cases of epilepsy patients as the study group, 672 same period cases of healthy persons as the control group; Analyzing the effect of epilepsy on ECG T wave alternans and Q-T dispersion with the standard 12 lead ECG. Results: The study group had a significantly prolonged Q-T dispersion and an increased incidence of T wave alternans than that of the control group; Compared with other seizure types, tonic clonic seizure and absence seizure had a significantly prolonged Q-T dispersion and an increased occurrence rate of T wave alternans. Conclusions: Epilepsy patients ECG T wave alternans and Q-T dispersion has higher abnormal rate, and are prone to sudden cardiac death; Routine ECG(RECG) T wave alternans and Q-T dispersion changes can provide guidance for clinical prevention of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Analysis of the Q-T Dispersion and T Wave Alternans in Patients with Epilepsy

Shan¹,

Cheng²

2017

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“…Indeed, the QRS duration, a functional measure for Purkinje system, was substantially longer in alligators than in comparatively sized mammals, even when heated to mammalian body temperatures. In other crocodilians, the QRS duration is also approximately 100 ms suggesting that the speed of ventricular activation is similar across crocodilians ( Christian and Grigg, 1999 ; Davies et al, 1951 ; Heaton-Jones and King, 1994 ; Syme et al, 2002 ; Wang et al, 1991 ). It further suggests that the specialized atrioventricular conduction pathway does not have an appreciable effect on ventricular activation time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Specialized impulse conduction pathway in the alligator heart

Jensen

Boukens

Crossley

et al. 2018

eLife

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Mammals and birds have a specialized cardiac atrioventricular conduction system enabling rapid activation of both ventricles. This system may have evolved together with high heart rates to support their endothermic state (warm-bloodedness) and is seemingly lacking in ectothermic vertebrates from which first mammals then birds independently evolved. Here, we studied the conduction system in crocodiles (Alligator mississippiensis), the only ectothermic vertebrates with a full ventricular septum. We identified homologues of mammalian conduction system markers (Tbx3-Tbx5, Scn5a, Gja5, Nppa-Nppb) and show the presence of a functional atrioventricular bundle. The ventricular Purkinje network, however, was absent and slow ventricular conduction relied on trabecular myocardium, as it does in other ectothermic vertebrates. We propose the evolution of the atrioventricular bundle followed full ventricular septum formation prior to the development of high heart rates and endothermy. In contrast, the evolution of the ventricular Purkinje network is strongly associated with high heart rates and endothermy.

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“…This suggests an absence of tracts of preferential conduction to the apex, such as the bundle of His and the bundle branches (Meek & Eyster, ; Lewis, ; Harris, ; Mullen, ; Valentinuzzi, Hoff & Geddes, 1969 a ). One study concluded that the crocodilian ventricle may have strands of preferential conduction (Christian & Grigg, ), despite this typical base‐to‐apex activation (Wang et al ., ; Heaton‐Jones & King, ). Curiously, in turtle hearts, which can be considerably broader than the squamate heart, the activating current may spread from left to right rather than base to apex (Gray, ), and may even change to right to left dependent on ventilatory state (Burggren, ).…”

Section: Reptile Heartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and function of the hearts of lizards and snakes

2013

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With approximately 7000 species, snakes and lizards, collectively known as squamates, are by far the most species-rich group of reptiles. It was from reptile-like ancestors that mammals and birds evolved and squamates can be viewed as phylogenetically positioned between them and fishes. Hence, their hearts have been studied for more than a century yielding insights into the group itself and into the independent evolution of the fully divided four-chambered hearts of mammals and birds. Structurally the heart is complex and debates persist on rudimentary issues such as identifying structures critical to understanding ventricle function. In seeking to resolve these controversies we have generated three-dimensional (3D) models in portable digital format (pdf) of the anaconda and anole lizard hearts ('typical' squamate hearts) and the uniquely specialized python heart with comprehensive annotations of structures and cavities. We review the anatomy and physiology of squamate hearts in general and emphasize the unique features of pythonid and varanid lizard hearts that endow them with mammal-like blood pressures. Excluding pythons and varanid lizards it is concluded that the squamate heart has a highly consistent design including a disproportionately large right side (systemic venous) probably due to prevailing pulmonary bypass (intraventricular shunting). Unfortunately, investigations on rudimentary features are sparse. We therefore point out gaps in our knowledge, such as the size and functional importance of the coronary vasculature and of the first cardiac chamber, the sinus venosus, and highlight areas with implications for vertebrate cardiac evolution.

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An analysis of electrocardiogram of alligator sinensis

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Analysis of the Q-T Dispersion and T Wave Alternans in Patients with Epilepsy

Analysis of the Q-T Dispersion and T Wave Alternans in Patients with Epilepsy

Specialized impulse conduction pathway in the alligator heart

Structure and function of the hearts of lizards and snakes

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