An Analysis of Four Hundred Instances of Chronic Bromide Intonication

Hanes, Frederic M.; Yates, Anne B.

doi:10.1097/00007611-193806000-00019

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…However, the available literature on Br intoxication could not explain the painful tingling/ numbness/pins and needles feeling (paresthesia). If we look back at our previous cases from the viewpoint of possible Br intoxication (Hanes and Yates 1938;Trump and Hochberg 1976), the irritation, forgetfulness, appetite loss, and slurred speaking found in the workers reported by Ichihara might be also explained by Br intoxication, at least partially. However, there is also another possibility: the alkylating ability of 1-bromopropane with a sulfhydryl base (Ichihara et al 2004a;Wang et al 2002Wang et al , 2003 could also be involved in the neurotoxic effects of 1-bromopropane.…”

Section: Human Cases Of 1-bromopropane Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 83%

Neuro-reproductive toxicities of 1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane

Ichihara

2004

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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2-Bromopropane was used as an alternative to chlorofluorocarbons in a Korean electronics factory and caused reproductive and hematopoietic disorders in male and female workers. This causality was revealed by animal studies, and target cells were identified in subsequent studies. After identification of 2-bromopropane toxicity, 1-bromopropane was introduced to the workplace as a new alternative to ozone-depleting solvents. 1-Bromopropane was considered less mutagenic than 2-bromopropane, but, in contrast, animal experiments revealed that 1-bromopropane is a potent neurotoxic compound compared with 2-bromopropane. It was also revealed that 1-bromopropane has reproductive toxicity, but the target cells are different from those of 2-bromopropane. Exposure to 1-bromopropane inhibits spermiation in male rats and disrupts the development of follicles in female rats, in contrast to 2-bromopropane, which targets spermatogonia and oocytes in primordial follicles. After the first animal study describing the neurotoxicity of 1-bromopropane, human cases were reported. Those cases showed decreased sensation of vibration and perception, paresthesia in the lower extremities, decreased sensation in the ventral aspects of the thighs and gluteal regions, stumbling and headache, as well as mucosal irritation, as the initial symptoms. The dose-response of bromopropanes in humans and mechanism(s) underlying the differences in the toxic effects of the two bromopropanes remain to be determined.

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Section: Human Cases Of 1-bromopropane Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 83%

Neuro-reproductive toxicities of 1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane

Ichihara

2004

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…500 mg/L), also called bromism. [15,16] As such, James et al and Horowitz reported serum inorganic bromide levels higher than 2000 mg/L in patients with severe bromism due to chronic use of bromide-containing medications or excessive cola consumption, respectively. [17,18] Consequently, the neurological effects that developed in our patient were probably not due to the serum inorganic bromide levels measured after acute MB exposure but solely to MB itself as reported previously by Horowitz et al [5] In spite of this, serum inorganic bromide determination was particularly valuable, in our case, to confirm the exposure to MB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Unusual Case of Methyl Bromide Poisoning

Hoizey

Souchon

Trenque

et al. 2002

Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology

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A nonlethal poisoning case by methyl bromide in a young woman due to leakage of old fire extinguishers is described. The patient developed major action and intention myoclonus the day following exposure. Inorganic bromide concentrations in plasma were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The initial plasma bromide level was 202 mg/L, 40-fold in excess than the commonly accepted tolerance limit, and decreased slowly to normal levels within 2 months. Although plasma inorganic bromide concentration is known not to be directly correlated to the severity of organic bromide poisoning, its determination was, in the present case, particularly useful to confirm the diagnosis. One year post-exposure, the patient showed no sign of central nervous system toxicity. While such a case of poisoning is particularly rare today, it illustrates, however, that the danger still exists in France although the destruction

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“…In an analysis of 400 cases of chronic bromism in which blood levels of bromide were greater than 50 mg/dl, H anes and Y ates [5] noted that the most common signs and symptoms (in decreasing order of frequency) were headache, irritability, emotional instability, weakness, lethargy, slurring of speech, irrelevant speech, delusions, disorientation, hallucinations, loss of memory, cyanosis, vacuous facies, pupillary dilatation, stupor, and blurred vision. They also noted cutaneous manifestations of bromide ingestion in less than 25% of their reported cases.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%