“…This herding behaviour entails that the investors tend to follow the behaviour of other groups of investors, mostly large investors while making investment decisions in financial markets (Hwang & Salmon, 2004; Parker & Prechter, 2005; Yousaf et al, 2018). Investors indulge in herding when they lack sufficient information to make appropriate asset choices for trading (Lee et al, 2021; Spyrou, 2013), they intend to invest a larger amount of capital by minimizing risks (Riaz et al, 2020), financial markets depict large stock price fluctuations or excess volatility, falling prices, calendar effects, asymmetric effects in stock returns, the imbalance between prices and fundamental variables (Bekiros et al, 2017; Golarzi & Ziyachi, 2013; Kabir & Shakur, 2018; Mobarek et al, 2014; Tan et al, 2008; Youssef & Mokni, 2018), they sell and buy the same assets simultaneously (Lakonishok et al, 1992) and/or when they lack confidence due to severe market stress, crises and uncertainties (Bouri et al, 2020; Chiang & Zheng, 2010; Christie & Haung, 1995; Devenow & Welch, 1996; Forbes & Rigobon, 2002; Rahman & Ermawati, 2020). In all these, the objective is the protection of investments against market risks and uncertainties, and to optimize returns on investments.…”