An Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF and Its Application to Energy-Efficient Relaying in Multihop Wireless Networks

Sancakli

2015

Ad Hoc Networks

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a b s t r a c tWe investigate the joint effect of data rate and routing strategy on energy-efficiency of multi-hop wireless networks incorporating a comprehensive behavior of the IEEE 802.11 DCF under the presence of hidden terminals. Two basic routing strategies, direct transmission versus multi-hop routing, are considered over a large range of traffic loads. The goal of this study is to layout guidelines for a cross-layer energy-efficient rate adaptation algorithm, which takes medium access control and network layer dynamics into account together with the hidden terminal effect.Our results show that, for the low-power wireless IEEE 802.11g standard considered in this article, the highest data rate consumes the least power in multi-hop wireless networks when hidden terminals mostly constitute the reason of collisions. In case of channel impairments, adapting the rate jointly with the routing strategy can save the energy consumed per bit by up to 250% under moderate traffic loads and much more under heavy traffic loads.

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint effect of data rate and routing strategy on energy-efficiency of IEEE 802.11 DCF based multi-hop wireless networks under hidden terminal existence

Sancakli

2015

Ad Hoc Networks

Self Cite

“…The first analytical model for the calculation of goodput and throughput in multi-hop wireless networks is introduced in [5], which is developed on top of the analytical IEEE 802.11 DCF model introduced in [4]. This goodput model, which provides fairly accurate results for a large range of traffic loads considering hidden terminals, provides an understanding for the following goodput dynamics in multi-hop wireless networks: Goodput is dependent on the traffic arrival rate under unsaturated traffic loads, whereas interface queue dynamics and MAC dynamics such as carrier sensing, collisions, retransmissions, exponential backoff, hidden terminal effect, etc., govern the goodput under saturated traffic loads.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies assume either saturated traffic sources, where the nodes always have a packet waiting to be transmitted (due to capacity related concerns with optimal link scheduling and optimal routing assumptions), or assume the Poisson traffic arrival distribution only, omitting the effect of different traffic arrivals on the performance results. Furthermore, most of these studies neglect the hidden terminal effect, which is shown to have a significant effect on the choice of routing strategy in multi-hop wireless networks [4,6,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Traffic Arrival Distributions on Routing Strategyin Multi-Hop Wireless Networks

Proceedings of the 6th ACM Symposium on Development and Analysis of Intelligent Vehicular Networks and Applications

2016

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The basic problem of whether direct transmission or multihop routing increases goodput in multi-hop wireless networks still lacks investigation from many aspects. This article, approaches this problem by considering the effect of different traffic arrival distributions on the choice of routing strategy for enhancing goodput of IEEE 802.11 DCF based multi-hop wireless networks under hidden terminal existence. Different traffic arrival distributions; including Poisson, constant bit rate (CBR), Pareto and Exponential are considered, relaxing the generally adopted Poisson assumption, for various data rates over a wide range of traffic loads extending from unsaturated to saturated traffic loads.The goodput performance for all traffic arrival distributions is found to be dependent on the traffic load in multihop networks. Of the four traffic models used, the network achieved the best goodput with Pareto and Exponential arrival distributions for light traffic loads, where CBR performs slightly better under heavy loads. The results suggest that a traffic load-aware pre-control mechanism on the traffic arrivals to the IEEE 802.11 MAC layer might provide significant goodput gains in multi-hop wireless networks.

“…P i d l e is the probability that NAV is not set, P s u c c is the probability that NAV is set for a long duration given as T r s and P c o l l are the probabilities that NAV is set for a short duration given as T r c , conditioned on the fact that the node does carrier sensing with zero NAV. In multi‐hop IEEE 802.11 DCF‐based networks, the discrimination between events that set the NAV for long and short durations is necessary instead of channel states, because the channel state perceived by a node may not be the actual state of the channel when hidden nodes exist . For example, two concurrent successful transmissions in the channel of a node are perceived as a collision.…”

Section: Problem Model and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goodput and throughput comparison of single‐hop and multi‐hop routing for IEEE 802.11 DCF‐based wireless networks under hidden terminal existence

Wireless Communications

Karasan

2015

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We investigate how multi-hop routing affects the goodput and throughput performances of IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function-based wireless networks compared with direct transmission (single hopping), when medium access control dynamics such as carrier sensing, collisions, retransmissions, and exponential backoff are taken into account under hidden terminal presence. We propose a semi-Markov chain-based goodput and throughput model for IEEE 802.11-based wireless networks, which works accurately with both multi-hopping and single hopping for different network topologies and over a large range of traffic loads. Results show that, under light traffic, there is little benefit of parallel transmissions and both single-hop and multi-hop routing achieve the same end-to-end goodput. Under moderate traffic, concurrent transmissions are favorable as multi-hopping improves the goodput up to 730% with respect to single hopping for dense networks. At heavy traffic, multi-hopping becomes unstable because of increased packet collisions and network congestion, and single-hopping achieves higher network layer goodput compared with multi-hop routing. As for the link layer throughput is concerned, multi-hopping increases throughput 75 times for large networks, whereas single hopping may become advantageous for small networks. The results point out that the end-to-end goodput can be improved by adaptively switching between single hopping and multi-hopping according to the traffic load and topology.