An analysis of indirect genetic effects on adult body weight of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at low rearing density

Genetic parameters of growth, reproductive efficiency and survival are important for designing successful genetic improvement programmes. In this study, a database was assembled and a meta-analysis was conducted using 87 peer-reviewed published studies on genetic parameters of 63 economically important traits reported across nine major farmed shrimp species. A total of 641 estimates of heritability, 978 estimates of genetic correlations and 658 estimates of phenotypic correlations were included in this study. Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) was the most widely reported species followed by giant freshwater prawn (Marcobrachium rosenbergii) and black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). Published studies demonstrate large variability across heritability and correlation estimates. Consensus estimates were based on both unweighted and weighted averages. The traits were broadly classed into weight, morphology, growth rate, body composition, feeding efficiency, reproductive efficiency and survival. This meta-analysis revealed moderate-to-high heritability estimates for weight (0.30 ± 0.002), morphological (0.26 ± 0.003), growth rate (0.27 ± 0.01) and feeding efficiency (0.58 ± 0.07) traits, but low for body composition (0.06 ± 0.009), reproductive efficiency (0.11 ± 0.006) and survival traits (0.15 ± 0.003). Strong responses to selection were found among the shrimp species studied. We have developed a ShinyApp (https://khatk ar.shiny apps.io/shrimp_genet ics/) for visualization of the individual heritability estimates. In addition to the metaanalysis of genetic parameters, we have calculated the correlated responses among economically important traits and highlighted response to selection, realized heritability, social interaction and common environmental effects in shrimp breeding programmes in terms of industry implications. Consensus estimates suggest that there is sufficient additive genetic variation to carry out effective genetic improvement programmes in these species. K E Y W O R D S genetic and phenotypic correlation, genetic improvement, heritability, prawn, review | 1151 HASAN et Al. | 1153 HASAN et Al. TA B L E 1 Number of studies, study ID, species, country and trait abbreviation a of the traits studied Study No.

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“…Cannibalism has been reported more frequently during moulting periods in shrimp (Karplus, 2005). Luan et al (2015)…”

Section: The Social Interaction and Indirect Genetic Effects In Shrimpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta‐analysis of genetic parameters of production traits in cultured shrimp species

et al. 2020

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“…When the rearing density is low, social interactions among shrimp are rare and difficult to detect. In an analysis of IGE for adult body weight of L. vannamei at low harvest rearing density (14 individuals/m 3 ) [31], the standard error (0.0031 ± 0.039) obtained for the estimate of the IGE-DGE covariance was large. In the current study, with a relatively high harvest rearing density (134 individuals/m 3 ), relatively small standard errors were obtained for estimates of the IGE-DGE covariance (− 0.087 ± 0.028 to 0.013 ± 0.017).…”

Section: Bias In Estimates Of Genetic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In L. vannamei, the variance of IGE on adult body weight was found to be large at low stocking density and under an ad libitum feed regime [31]. There was no significant evidence for competitive interactions under these environmental conditions [31]. Selection response for IGE on the target trait depends on the competitive intensity of the rearing environments [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A family-based selective breeding program has resulted in significant genetic gains for growth and disease resistance in L. vannamei [29,30]. In L. vannamei, the variance of IGE on adult body weight was found to be large at low stocking density and under an ad libitum feed regime [31]. There was no significant evidence for competitive interactions under these environmental conditions [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feed competition reduces heritable variation for body weight in Litopenaeus vannamei

et al. 2020

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Background: Competition is a common social interaction among shrimp and depending on its intensity, it can affect heritable variation and response to selection. Little is known about the variance of indirect genetic effects (IGE) under competitive and non-competitive conditions in shrimp. In this study, we used extended mixed linear models to estimate genetic parameters for the direct genetic effect (DGE) and IGE on body weight in Litopenaeus vannamei raised under ad libitum (AF, non-competitive environment) and restricted (RF, competitive environment) feeding regimes. Results: Estimates of heritabilities for body weight obtained with a traditional animal model (i.e. without accounting for IGE) were 0.11 ± 0.09 under AF and 0.25 ± 0.11 under RF. With extended animal models that accounted for IGE, the corresponding estimates for body weight were 0.07 ± 0.08 and 0.34 ± 0.11. Thus, heritabilities were higher under the RF regime than under the AF regime, regardless of whether IGE was accounted for or not. The log-likelihood ratio test revealed significant IGE under the RF regime. Although estimates of indirect genetic variance were low (0.0023 ± 0.0013 for AF and 0.0028 ± 0.0012 for RF), they contributed substantially to the total heritable variance: 66.8% for AF and 692.2% for RF. The total heritable variance was smaller under the RF regime (0.7 ± 1.3) than under the AF regime (5.8 ± 2.6) because of the high contribution of the negative covariance between DGE and IGE (− 7.03). Estimates of the correlation between DGE and IGE were 0.32 ± 0.47 under AF and − 0.93 ± 0.15 under RF, those of DGE and IGE for body weight between both regimes were 0.94 ± 0.07 and 0.67 ± 0.20, respectively, and those of IGE for body weight with DGE for survival were − 0.12 ± 0.22 under AF and − 0.58 ± 0.20 under RF. Conclusions: These results indicate that strong competitive interactions occurred under the RF regime in L. vannamei. Significant reranking and variation in IGE of individuals were observed between the two feeding regimes. Strong competitive interactions reduced the total heritable variation for body weight when food was restricted. These results indicate that the extent of competition among L. vannamei depends on the feeding regime applied and that this competition affects the genetic basis of body weight.

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“…The genetic improvement of traits with economic importance has been developed by the use of selective breeding (Gjedrem and Rye, 2018). Selective breeding in shrimp has been carried out with the emphasis on improving growth (De Donato et al, 2005;Lu et al, 2016;Luan et al, 2015) and resistance to pathogens (Gitterle et al, 2006;Ødegård et al, 2011). However, there is no information to substantiate if these conditions also produce changes in the composition of gut microbiota or whether there is evidence to indicate that the type of food consumed by shrimp shapes its gut microbiota (Cornejo-Granados et al, 2018;Garibay-Valdez et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary protein and genetic line of Litopenaeus vannamei on its hepatopancreatic microbiota

Martínez‐Porchas

Vargas‐Albores

Casillas-Hernández

et al. 2021

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Host genetics and diet can exert an influence on microbiota and, therefore, on feeding efficiency. This study evaluated the effect of genetic line (fast-growth and high-resistance) in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on the hepatopancreatic microbiota and its association with the feeding efficiency in shrimp fed with diets containing different protein sources. Shrimp (2.08 ± 0.06 g) from each genetic line were fed for 36 days with two dietary treatments (animal and vegetable protein). Each of the four groups was sampled, and the hepatopancreatic metagenome was amplified using specific primers for the variable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The PCR product was sequenced on the MiSeq platform. Nineteen bacterial phyla were detected, of which Proteobacteria was the most abundant (51.0-72.5 %), Bacteroidetes (3.6-23.3 %), Firmicutes (4.2-13.7 %), Actinobacteria (1.9-12.1 %), and Planctomycetes (1.3-9.5 %). Diet was the most influential factor in the taxonomic composition of the microbiota, while genetic line was not a strong influential factor. The results suggest that the taxonomic profile of the bacteria colonizing shrimp hepatopancreas was determined by the diet consumed, similar to what occurs in the intestine. Shrimp in the fast-growth line had greater feeding efficiency regardless of the diet supplied. Finally, the results suggest that Proteobacteria influenced (p < 0.05) the feeding efficiency of shrimp fed with a vegetable diet. Nevertheless, further studies are required to explore how shrimp genetic line-diet interaction influences microbiota for probiotic development and functional food formulation for farmed shrimp according to the genetic line.

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An analysis of indirect genetic effects on adult body weight of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at low rearing density

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Meta‐analysis of genetic parameters of production traits in cultured shrimp species

Meta‐analysis of genetic parameters of production traits in cultured shrimp species

Feed competition reduces heritable variation for body weight in Litopenaeus vannamei

Effect of dietary protein and genetic line of Litopenaeus vannamei on its hepatopancreatic microbiota

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