An analysis of informal settlement upgrading and critique of existing methodological approaches

Unauthorised development and seismic hazard vulnerability: a study of squatters and engineers in Istanbul, Turkey

“…The drivers of illegal construction and squatting-poverty, macro-economic instability, urban migration, and hierarchical social relations-make it attractive, and in some instances, the only option for low-income urban residents (Abbott, 2002;Basleven and Dayioglu, 2005;Choguill, 1999;Schusterman and Hardoy, 1997;Van der Linden, 1997). Various sectors have proposed solutions to the problem of poor quality, unauthorised housing in cities of developing regions.…”

Formalizing the Informal: Understanding the Position of Informal Settlements and Slums in Sustainable Urbanization Policies and Strategies in Bandung, Indonesia

“…While this is not the place to review the full range of literature on informal settlements and slum improvement, informal settlements and slum upgrading in this paper is viewed as a multi-stakeholder process to enhance the physical, social, economic, and environmental and governance dimensions of the urban poor and their rights to the city [1, 4,13,15,18,22]. Types of interventions vary and can incorporate all or some of the following dimensions underpinning improvements to living standards and the wellbeing of residents and their communities, for example, the provision of basic infrastructure and services, housing, land supply and security, livelihood support, microfinance, environmental improvements (including flooding and natural hazard reduction), and the protection and enhancement of socio-cultural assets [1,23].…”

Using Integrated Spatial Planning Framework “ISPF” to Connect Informal Settlement to the Main City. Case Study: Komb, Chabahar City, Iran

“…At the beginning of the implementation of this strategy the interventions were physical. Since the 1980s onward, participatory, economic, and social approaches have been highlighted in terms of empowerment trends [13] which have led to the rise of community-based upgrading pattern. The main assumption in physical upgrading method was that numbness, chaos and pollution would be removed from informal settlements [14].…”

“…According to the World Bank (1991) understanding this matter required playing a practical role in development thinking in which it had stepped [16]. A new mechanism was needed to implement in situ upgrading of informal settlements, which would emphasize on the suppliance of the cost of services [17], [18]; it also meant that objective changes and services provided for the local community were tangible and the use of standards and norms of planning and designing was possible according to this approach [13]. According to the results of Cities Alliance (1999) in situ upgrading of informal settlements is an integrated approach to improve economic, social, institutional conditions and activities associated with local community [19].…”

“…But, Huchzermeyer (1999) believes that local community participation and trust in internal capabilities of local communities are the foundation of upgrading informal settlements [17]. Abbott (2002a), however, believes that this approach alone and at the neighbourhood scale does not guarantee the organization of informal settlement and has some deficits in terms of methodology [13]. Therefore, he suggests the integrated spatial approach and the basic method to ensure the sustainability of the approach.…”