An analysis of medical scheme-related pregnancy terminations in South Africa in 2022

Abstract

Background This research addresses the intricate dimensions of reproductive healthcare by examining the complex interplay of medical, legal, and ethical considerations surrounding abortion. The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act (CTOP) of 1996 in South Africa aims to establish the circumstances and conditions under which a woman’s pregnancy may be terminated and addresses related matters. The Act specified that, for terminations during 0–12 weeks, safe medical procedures, primarily medication abortion, are predominant. In contrast, terminations during 13–20 weeks present additional complexities, requiring a combination of medical and surgical interventions. Purpose/Aim This study aims to examine termination of pregnancy (TOP) services within medical schemes, focusing on demographic characteristics, the proportion of pregnancies terminated across different gestational periods, and the influence of benefit design on access to TOP services. Design/Methodology/Approach The study employs a quantitative research methodology utilising a cross-sectional design. A purposive sampling criterion was used to select study participants. Descriptive statistics were reported on demographic and healthcare data, providing a comprehensive exploration of abortion-related factors. Findings/Results Analysis of data from nine medical schemes in 2022 reveals 1,290 reported terminations, with 1,258 occurring among women aged 18–59. Notably, 66% of the terminations occur within 0–12 weeks, and 44% within 13–20 weeks. Practical implications These insights contribute to understanding interventions related to TOP services, facilitating potential policy reforms. Originality/Value This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on reproductive rights by providing a nuanced exploration of the multifaceted aspects of abortion within the South African context.