An analysis of microstructural variations in carbon black modified by oxidation or ultrasound

Carbon black reborn: Structure and chemistry for renewable energy harnessing

“…Using an ultrasonic processor to input more power (300-W) over a shorter time (1 h), localized short-range order of BSU was induced in low structure carbon black Cabot MOGUL® L, however this order was lost after prolonged sonication (3 h) ( Figure 11). Electron energy loss spectroscopy was used to quantify the ratio of sp 2 :sp 3 carbon in the sample after ultrasonication, the ratio dropped from 77:23 for MOGUL® L to 55:45 for the ultrasonicated sample (300-W / 3 h) with a corresponding loss of UV absorbance at 250 nm [45]. This conversion from sp 2 to sp 3 hybridization, due to BSU oxidation, is an important factor to consider when processing CB for specific applications as discussed in the later sections of this manuscript.…”

Low-temperature activation of carbon black by selective photocatalytic oxidation

“…This results in better resolved D and G bands by the gradual removal of the amorphous carbon band overlapping at 1530 cm À1 . [3][4][5]18,39,40 Overall, partial graphitization can be observed from the upward shi of both D and G bands, the decrease in D band width, the more symmetric G band and the overall I D /I G decrease. Higher D and G band frequencies and lower FWHMs are attributed to a higher degree of order in the CBs.…”

Characterizing the age of ancient Egyptian manuscripts through micro‐Raman spectroscopy

“…[30] We used a Gaussian lineshape for the D3 peak and Lorentz lineshapes for the D1 and G peaks following the practice of Sadezky [30] and others. [32,33,[38][39][40] These lineshapes gives better stability and a lower residual sum than other combinations of Lorentzian and Gaussian peaks. The three-peak model provides an eight-parameter description of the observed lineshapes: the widths and peak positions of the D1, G, and D3 spectral peaks and the relative peak intensities I D1 /I G and I D3 /I G .…”

“…Building on this extensive spectroscopic literature, we also analyzed our data by using a three‐peak model by using the designation D1 for the D band, centered around 1350 cm −1 , in the three‐peak analysis and adding a hypothetical additional peak, which we will designate D3 following the notation of Sadezky . We used a Gaussian lineshape for the D3 peak and Lorentz lineshapes for the D1 and G peaks following the practice of Sadezky and others . These lineshapes gives better stability and a lower residual sum than other combinations of Lorentzian and Gaussian peaks.…”