An Analysis of Regulated and Unregulated Emissions in an HSDI Diesel Engine under the LTC Regime

Natti, Krishna C.; Bhattacharyya, Anamitra; Kastury, A.; Henein, Naeim A.; Bryzik, Walter

doi:10.4271/2007-01-0905

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…CO oxidation to combustion products occurs under unique conditions of the temperature, the reactant availability and the relative time constants of the ambient species. 17 Deterioration in these factors, whether it is through poor mixing dynamics, or insufficient time at given conditions, or a slow heat release rate leading to low in-cylinder temperatures, will almost inevitably lead to an increase in the engine-out CO emissions. The contour map for the CO emissions is displayed in Figure 13.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions in moderately and highly dilute Low Temperature Combustion

Sogbesan

Davy

Garner

2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Low-temperature combustion in diesel engines offers attractive benefits through simultaneous reduction in the nitrogen oxide emissions and the soot emissions. However, it is known that the in-cylinder conditions typical of low-temperature combustion operation tend to produce high emissions of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, reducing the combustion efficiency. The present study develops from the hypothesis that this characteristic poor combustion efficiency is due to the in-cylinder mixture preparation strategies which are non-optimally matched to the requirements of the low-temperature combustion mode. In this work, the effects of three key fuel path parameters, namely the injection fuel quantity ratio, the dwell and the injection timing, on the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions were examined using a central-composite-design design-of-experiments method. The experiments were performed on a single-cylinder diesel research engine operating in a mixing-controlled low-temperature combustion mode at high and moderate exhaust gas recirculation rates with a split fuel injection for all conditions. The experiments identified the potential of fuel metering control for optimising the hydrocarbon emissions in low-temperature combustion by showing the effects of the fuel control parameters on the fuel mixing quality and the emission formation mechanisms. The response surfaces created from the detailed statistical analysis give a potent visualisation of the constraints on low-temperature combustion operation. This in turn allowed improved prescription of combustion modifications with the potential to moderate the negative effects observed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions in moderately and highly dilute Low Temperature Combustion

Sogbesan

Davy

Garner

2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Furthermore, due to lower in-cylinder temperature, the oxidation of CO into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) reduces, which results in higher CO emission. Natti et al 15 studied the unregulated and regulated emission characteristics and their sources in LTC regime using low sulfur diesel (LSD) by adjusting the swirl ratio, injection pressure, injection timing, and EGR rate. They reported that, high levels of CO and HC emissions together with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were observed in the LTC regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated effort of medium reactivity fuel, in-cylinder, and after-treatment strategies to demonstrate potential reduction in challenging emissions of reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion

Murugan

Duraisamy

Nagarajan

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Previous studies on reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion indicated that, reducing the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions at low load conditions still remains a challenge because of lower in-cylinder temperatures due to lower global reactivity gradient and reduced oxidation process. Research in this direction has not been reported so far and with this motivation, an attempt has been made to increase the global reactivity gradient and oxidation of fuel–air mixture by converting the low reactivity fuel methanol into medium reactivity fuel. This is achieved by mixing high octane oxygenated fuel, methanol (Octane Number: 110), with an oxygenated better cetane and volatility fuels like polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (Cetane Number: 78) and isobutanol (Cetane Number: 15). The medium reactivity fuel with multiple direct injection of diesel fuel timed the combustion of dual fuel–air mixture to avoid too late or too advanced combustion which are the prime factors in controlling the unburnt emissions in a low temperature combustion process. Four medium reactivity fuel samples, M80IB20, M60IB40, M90P10, and M80P20, on percentage volume basis have been prepared and tested on the modified on-road three-cylinder turbocharged common rail direct injection diesel engine to demonstrate higher indicated thermal efficiency and potential reduction in unburnt and oxides of nitrogen/particulate matter emissions from reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion. Experimental results show that, use of medium reactivity fuel with optimized diesel injection strategy resulted in 66% decrease in hydrocarbon emission and 74% decrease in carbon monoxide emission by enhancing the oxidation of fuel–air mixture at lower temperatures which is evidently noticed in the combustion characteristics. Further reduction in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission of about 90% has been achieved by integrating the diesel oxidation catalyst with the engine.

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“…The volatile organic compounds (VOC) from diesel engines, including aldehydes, which cause the sickhouse syndrome, and benzene, which is a carcinogen, are of concern and remain as unregulated harmful substances [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Twelve substances from diesel engines, including formaldehyde, have been listed as unregulated harmful substances in Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it is considered that the concentrations of these volatile organic substances often have positive correlations to total hydrocarbon (THC) concentrations, the characteristics of unregulated harmful exhaust-gas emissions have to be grasped under high THC emission, including conditions of low coolant temperature [4]. While lowtemperature diesel combustion (LTC) and premixed charge compression ignition combustion (PCCI) can simultaneously realize ultra-low NO x and low particulate emissions [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], high levels of VOC and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as well as unburned hydrocarbon and CO emissions are observed with these new combustion regimes [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaust Gas from Diesel Engines under Various Operating Conditions

Ogawa

2011

International Journal of Engine Research

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The volatile organic compounds (VOC) from diesel engines, including formaldehyde and benzene, are of concern and remain as unregulated harmful substances. These substances are positively correlated with total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions, but the VOC and aldehyde compounds at light load or idling conditions are more significant than THC. When coolant temperatures are low at light loads, there are notable increases in formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, and with lower coolant temperatures the increase in aldehydes is more significant than the increase in THC. With ultra-high exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) suppressing in-cylinder soot and NO x formation, VOC increase drastically with intake oxygen content below 14 per cent. These trends correlate well with the drastic increase in THC emissions. Oxidation catalysts are effective for reducing some VOC emissions, including aldehydes and some unsaturated hydrocarbons. However, aromatics and methane generated from ultra-high EGR, low-temperature smokeless combustion, are hardly reduced with the catalysts, particularly under overall rich conditions.

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An Analysis of Regulated and Unregulated Emissions in an HSDI Diesel Engine under the LTC Regime

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Insights into the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions in moderately and highly dilute Low Temperature Combustion

Insights into the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions in moderately and highly dilute Low Temperature Combustion

An integrated effort of medium reactivity fuel, in-cylinder, and after-treatment strategies to demonstrate potential reduction in challenging emissions of reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion

Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaust Gas from Diesel Engines under Various Operating Conditions

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