An Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections and Associated Clinical Outcomes

Kerwin, Heather; Briggs, R. J.; Nair-Desai, Sameer; Gorzalski, Andrew; Pandori, Mark; Friedhoff, Stefanie; Tsai, Thomas C.

doi:10.1101/2021.09.09.21262448

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Evidence from 25 studies from the previous review (Acharya et al 2021, Chia et al 2021, Christensen et al 2022, Elliott et al 2021, Eyre et al 2022, Griffin et al 2021, Hirotsu et al 2021, Hsu et al 2021, Kale et al 2021, Kang et al 2022, Kerwin et al 2021, Kislaya et al 2022b, Levine-Tiefenbrun et al 2021a, Levine-Tiefenbrun et al 2022, Luo et al 2021a, Lyngse et al 2022b, Magalis et al 2021, Pouwels et al 2021, Puhach et al 2022, Riemersma et al 2021, Salvatore et al 2021, Servellita et al 2022, Siddle et al 2022, Singanayagam et al 2021, Yi et al 2022 suggests mixed evidence for a difference in viral load between fully vaccinated and unvaccinated cases, with 17 studies suggesting no difference and 8 studies suggesting higher Ct values (lower viral load) in fully vaccinated cases.…”

Section: Viral Load (Ct Values)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the viral load data showed that only patients in the partially and fully vaccinated AstraZeneca groups had a statistically significant reduction in viral load at follow-up (8 to 12 days after COVID-19 diagnosis), compared to other vaccines and unvaccinated cases. is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) Overall, evidence from 28 studies (25 studies from the previous review (Acharya et al 2021, Chia et al 2021, Christensen et al 2022, Elliott et al 2021, Eyre et al 2022, Griffin et al 2021, Hirotsu et al 2021, Hsu et al 2021, Kale et al 2021, Kang et al 2022, Kerwin et al 2021, Kislaya et al 2022b, Levine-Tiefenbrun et al 2021a, Levine-Tiefenbrun et al 2022, Luo et al 2021a, Lyngse et al 2022b, Magalis et al 2021, Pouwels et al 2021, Puhach et al 2022, Riemersma et al 2021, Salvatore et al 2021, Servellita et al 2022, Siddle et al 2022, Singanayagam et al 2021, Yi et al 2022, and three studies from this update (Barbosa et al 2022, Migueres et al 2022, Sriraman et al 2022, suggests mixed evidence for a difference in viral load between fully vaccinated and unvaccinated cases, with 17 studies suggesting no difference and 11 studies suggesting higher Ct values (lower viral load) in fully vaccinated cases.…”

Section: Viral Load (Ct Values)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of vaccination on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): a rapid review

Wiliams¹,

Barrate²,

Winfield³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This is an update (literature search up to 15 March 2022) of a rapid review examining whether vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) affects transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Streamlined systematic methodologies were used to accelerate the review process. The update identified 17 additional studies: 6 studies reported on transmission and 11 studies reported viral load. There was high heterogeneity across studies, which varied in design, participant characteristics and SARS-CoV-2 variants reported. Evidence from this update supports previous findings that that transmission of Omicron and Delta variants is lowest in booster-vaccinated people, followed by fully vaccinated people, with the highest rate of transmission in unvaccinated people. Additionally, some studies compared transmission between different variants or sub-variants; risk of transmission appears to be higher with Omicron than Delta, regardless of vaccination status.

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Section: Viral Load (Ct Values)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Viral Load (Ct Values)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of vaccination on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): a rapid review

Wiliams¹,

Barrate²,

Winfield³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The reported rates range from 0.01% to 57% (in an outbreak): 0.01%, 0.05% (although later, in an outbreak they reported a rate of 57%, 0.09%, 0.2%, 0.3% 0.4%, 0.55%,1.5% and 5.5%, according to geographic location, type of people vaccinated (nursing homes, health workers, general population), time since vaccination, predominance of new variants of SARS.Cov-2, data on an outbreak, inclusion or not of asymptomatic patients, etc. [17,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. It must be taken into account that where vaccination rates are high, breakthrough cases already represent one third of all cases A situation can be envisaged in which, in the absence of third doses, breakthrough cases represent a higher number of COVID cases and the disease they cause in most cases remains relatively mild.…”

Section: Ir Of Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections In Vaccinated Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Incidence Rates of Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated People in General Medicine Practice in Toledo (Spain)

Luis¹

2022

Arch Fam Med Gen Pract

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Background: COVID-19 vaccines show excellent efficacy, but some people still become infected after vaccination. Objective: To determining incidence rates (IR) and risk factors of COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated people. Methodology:A longitudinal and prospective case-control study of COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated people was carried out from February 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021, in a general practitioner (GP) office in Toledo (Spain).Results: IR of COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated people > 14 years in GP consultation was 1.5% cases × 8 months; higher in people > = 65 years vs. 14-65 years (2.3% vs. 1.3%), and higher in women vs. men (1.6% vs. 1.4%). IR according to the type of vaccine ranged from 0.4% cases with mRNA-1273 vaccine, to 5% cases with Janssen vaccine. The statistically significant protective factors were: complex family and chronic illnesses of the mental group; and statistically significant risk factors: chronic diseases of the digestive and musculoskeletal groups. Vaccination with BNT162-2 mRNA and mRNA-1273 were protective factors; and with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 shown a moderate risk. Vaccination with Janssen was a statistically significant strong risk. Conclusion:COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated people were rare, with higher rates in women and old people. Chronic diseases and social factors behaved mixed. Each of the vaccines has associated COVID-19 breakthrough infections, but the Janssen vaccine posed a strong risk; however, the small numbers prevent definitive conclusions.

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COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals at BPKIHS, Nepal

Karmacharya,

Rai,

Siwakoti

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Although there have been reports of COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals, the vaccines have demonstrated a high efficacy in preventing severe illness and death. Nepal has reported fewer studies of COVID-19 breakthrough infections. Hence, this study has objective to assess the prevalence, and to describe clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) breakthrough infection. Methods This descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2022. The study enrolled 200 individuals who had received the recommended doses of the COVID-19 vaccine and they were RT-PCR positive diagnosed with vaccine breakthrough infections after 14 days of completing the vaccination course. The patient’s demographic and clinical profiles, as well as their outcomes in terms of severity, length of hospital stay, and mortality were recorded. Results The prevalence of SARS-CoV2 infection was 6.3% (547/8682). Among fully vaccinated personnel, the prevalence of breakthrough infections was 6.2% (200/3175). This study found the Omicron variants in respondents. The mean age of the patients was 38.28 years, and 41.5% (83/200) of the breakthrough cases were healthcare workers. The mean time gap between the second dose of vaccination and a positive RT-PCR test was 354.68 days. Of the 200 breakthrough cases, 89% (178) had mild symptoms, 9% (17) had moderate symptoms requiring hospitalization, and 2% (4) were severe cases that required intensive care facility. Among the severe cases, 3 out 4 were above 60 years old. Furthermore, the patients greater than 60 years had longer hospital stays ( p < 0.0001) however no deaths were recorded. Conclusion Fully vaccinated individuals can experience COVID-19 breakthrough infections and the majority of cases present with mild symptoms. Elderly patients have a higher likelihood of severe disease and longer hospital stay compared to younger patients. The results of this study emphasize the importance of vaccination in mitigating the severity of the disease.

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An Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections and Associated Clinical Outcomes

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

The effect of vaccination on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): a rapid review

The effect of vaccination on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): a rapid review

Risk Factors and Incidence Rates of Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated People in General Medicine Practice in Toledo (Spain)

COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals at BPKIHS, Nepal

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