An analysis of scattering from snow with relaxed hierachical equivalent source algorithm

Snow strategic science plan

“…Direct measurement of snow strength is labor intensive, and typically requires a laboratory set-up (e.g., Upadhyay et al 2007). Current efforts are underway to validate the empirical field techniques for snow strength observation and develop new parameterizations based on electrical (Besic et al 2012;Leiness et al 2014;Lum et al 2017;Sugiyama et al 2010), optical (Dumont et al 2010;Räisänen et al 2015;Langlois et al 2010;Krol and Lowe 2016;Gergely et al 2010;Gergely et al 2014;Wiebe et al 2013), and acoustic (Capelli et al 2016;Reiweger et al 2015;Albert et al 2015;Datt et al 2016;Kapil et al 2014) properties more readily measured in the field. (Gergely et al 2010), and penetrometry methods to parameterize density (Johnson and Schneebeli 1999;Marshall and Johnson 2009).…”

Backscattering Analysis Utilizing Relaxed Hierarchical Equivalent Source Algorithm (RHESA) for Scatterers in Vegetation Medium

“…With the development of fast electromagnetic solvers, many large problems can be solved on computers; numerical solution method is rapidly becoming an important mathematical modelling tool for modern electromagnetic engineering [13][14][15]. In [16][17][18][19], a theoretical model for snow media was developed using a new numerical method model-the relaxed hierarchical equivalent source algorithm (RHESA) [20], together with the radiative transfer equation [21]. Using RHESA, snow was modelled in the shapes of spheres, peanuts, droxtals, and hexagonal columns, as opposed to being limited only to spheres in previous approximation models.…”