An analysis of soccer referee experiences in France and the Netherlands: Abuse, conflict, and level of support

Webb, Tom; Dicks, Matt; Thelwell, Richard; Kamp, John van der; Rix-Lièvre, Géraldine

doi:10.1016/j.smr.2019.03.003

Cited by 53 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This is especially critical for those who participate in high-level competitions. Programs dedicated to football referees and their training exist in all EU countries, for example, in France, Belgium, and the Czech Republic [28][29][30][31]. In the Czech Republic, there is a program for training and advanced training of football referees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Innovation in Football Referee Training in Czech Republic

Oldrich

Tan

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Professional football has been recently characterized by an increase in game speed and complexity. From this, it follows that football referees also need to improve their skills to keep up with players and adequately respond in various disputed situations. The purpose of this work is to increase the performance indicators of physical fitness and activity of referees during the annual cycle. Most referees prefer the game method. For a football referee or referee’s assistant during a game, physical activity is similar to that of runners/athletes. Football referees are engaged in performance that is more intense, as compared to their assistants, at the international level especially. Such conditions are close to extreme and are characterized by an intense physical load dictated by game duration. This study suggested using athletics in comprehensive sustainable training of football referees. As it turned out, athletics-based training significantly improved the motor activity of football referees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Innovation in Football Referee Training in Czech Republic

Oldrich

Tan

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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“…Amongst football referees, research has shown that due to non-accidental violence, many officials are leaving the sport, in some cases rendering amateur levels of play unsustainable. 11 In football, the majority of mental health research has focused on players, with limited consideration given to referees. Unfortunately, such a shallow research pool has resulted in a deficit of knowledge which prevents not only the understanding of mental health symptoms and disorders in this population but also the creation of evidence-based interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a mental health research agenda for football referees

Gorczynski

Webb

2021

Soccer & Society

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The mental health of football referees at amateur and elite levels has received very little research attention, with the majority of mental health research focused on players. Unfortunately, such a shallow research pool has resulted in a deficit of knowledge which prevents not only the understanding of mental health symptoms and disorders in this population but also the creation of evidence-based interventions. As such, the purpose of this commentary is twofold: 1) to outline the importance of why an epidemiological understanding of mental health symptoms and disorders amongst referees is necessary and desperately needed and 2) to discuss how such epidemiological research can be used to design, deliver, evaluate and disseminate evidence-based mental health interventions to football referees. We provide an overview of the behavioural epidemiology framework and how it may be used to guide and execute future research and intervention endeavours.

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“…As happened in France and the Netherlands, referees often feel that they have been subjected to verbal or physical abuse during football matches. [9] It is an obstacle in football matched that must be faced by referees. [10] Referees who are able to face various obstacles during the match show how good and quality the referee's performance is in leading the match.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend Improving Soccer Professional Referees Performance in West Java Using Psychological Skill Training and Physical Fitness

Mudian¹,

Asmawi²,

Rihatno³

et al. 2021

saj

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The referee has an important role in football matches. The referee determines the level of fairness in the match so they must be mentally and physically fit. The purpose of this study was to examine the application of psychological skills training and the level of physical fitness to the performance of the referee. Psychological skill exercises used are relaxation, imagery, and relaxation-imagery combination that exist in conditions of high and low physical fitness. This research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental method. The research sample consisted of 48 people who were taken using purposive sampling based on the criteria that the referee had a provincial level referee license (Code C2) and has led a provincial level competition. Data collection techniques are through pre-test, post-test and treatment during the study. The data analysis technique used two-way ANOVA analysis followed by the Tukey test. The findings showed that psychological skill training, both relaxation, imagery, or a combination of imagery-relaxation and physical fitness, had a positive effect on the performance of the referee in leading the match. These results have implications for the concept of psychological training for football referees in West Java, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, who had limited access to training in the field. However, this psychological skill training makes it easier to train the referee mentally.

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An analysis of soccer referee experiences in France and the Netherlands: Abuse, conflict, and level of support

Cited by 53 publications

References 61 publications

Sustainable Innovation in Football Referee Training in Czech Republic

Sustainable Innovation in Football Referee Training in Czech Republic

Developing a mental health research agenda for football referees

Trend Improving Soccer Professional Referees Performance in West Java Using Psychological Skill Training and Physical Fitness

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