An analysis of summated generalization.

LaBerge, David; Martin, Duane R.

doi:10.1037/h0044690

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The fourth proposal for summation comes from stimulus sampling theory (Carterette, 1961;LaBerge and Martin, 1964). Here it is assumed that gradients will be linear on a properly scaled "substitutive" continuum, and summation reduces to an algebraic addition of the single S+ gradients up to a maximum given by the gradient peaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GENERALIZATION GRADIENT SHAPE AND SUMMATION IN STEADY‐STATE TESTS¹

Blough

1969

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Pigeons' pecks at one or two wavelengths were reinforced intermittently. Random series of adjacent wavelengths appeared without reinforcement. Gradients of responding around the reinforced wavelengths were allowed to stabilize over a number of sessions. The single (one reinforced stimulus) and summation (two reinforced stimuli) gradients were consistent with a statistical decision account of the generalization process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GENERALIZATION GRADIENT SHAPE AND SUMMATION IN STEADY‐STATE TESTS¹

Blough

1969

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…6The Hullian formulation specifies that overlapping generalization tendencies will summate exponentially (Hull, 1943, Corollary 1, p. 199). A number of studies have examined generalization gradient combination (e.g., Blough, 1969; Carterette, 1961; Kalish & Guttman, 1957, 1959; LaBerge & Martin, 1964; Malone, 1974), but none has provided unequivocal support for a particular quantitative model of generalization summation. Given the lack of empirical unanimity and the Hullian model's rather conservative estimate of the contribution of generalized tendencies, we chose it for our simulations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Categorical discrimination and generalization in pigeons: All negative stimuli are not created equal.

Astley¹,

Wasserman²

1992

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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Three experiments investigated categorical discrimination and generalization in pigeons. Multiple fixed interval-extinction training was conducted with a pool of 48 different negative discriminative stimuli (12 slides each of people, flowers, cars, and chairs). The most errors were committed to negative stimuli (S-s) from the same category as the 12 positive stimulus (S+) slides. Such categorical generalization was stronger when the 12 S+s entailed 1 copy of 12 different slides (Experiment 2) than when the S+s entailed 12 copies of 1 slide (Experiment 1). In addition, reliable but incomplete loss of inhibitory control was observed to novel stimuli chosen from the same category as the S-slides (Experiment 3). These results are consistent with perceptual theories of categorical coherence, according to which preexisting similarities among stimuli chiefly determine the acquisition and application of categories.We thank Don Dorfman,

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