An analysis of technologies and standards for designing smart manufacturing systems

Abstract

Smart manufacturing is defined by high degrees of automation. Automation, in turn, is defined by clearly defined processes. The use of standards in this environment is not just commonplace, but essential to creating repeatable processes and reliable systems.As with the rest of society, manufacturing systems are becoming more tightly connected through advances in information and communication technologies (ICT). As a result, manufacturers are able to receive information from their business partners and operational units much more quickly and are expected to respond quickly as well. Quick responses to changes in a manufacturing system are much more challenging than the responses that we have come to expect in other aspects of our lives.Manufacturing revolves around heavy capital investments to rapidly produce large amounts of product in anticipation of steady streams of commerce. Changes under these conditions not only disrupt the operations, slowing the production of goods, but also create difficulties with managing the capital investments. These are challenges manufacturers face daily. A large part of these challenges is understanding how best to refit manufacturing facilities to respond to variability, and how to plan new production facilities. By analyzing the information that is available in a manufacturing system, manufacturers can make more informed decisions as to how to respond to change. Advances in the technological infrastructure underlying manufacturing systems are enabling more reliable and timely flow of information across all levels of the manufacturing operation. We propose that effective utilization of such operational information will enable more automated, agile responses to the changing conditions, i.e. Smart Manufacturing.In this paper, we analyze the sources and the standards supporting the flow of that information throughout the enterprise. The analysis is based an intersection of two reference models: the Factory Design and Improvement (FDI) process and the ISA88 hierarchical model of manufacturing operations. The FDI process consists of a set of high-level activities for designing and improving manufacturing operations. The ISA88 hierarchical model specifies seven levels of control within a manufacturing enterprise.

Standardization in digital manufacturing: implications for Russia and the EAEU

“…The available literature combines several approaches to the study of digital production, including technological trends [9][10][11], design principles [6,12], the effects of its adoption [7,13]. Other papers address mainly technological issues introduced by the integration of information technologies in production systems [14,15]. However, the number of studies focused on innovation outcomes of digital manufacturing standardization is still limited.…”

An AutomationML model for plug-and-produce assembly systems

“…• VDI guideline 2221 "Systematic approach to the development and design of technical systems and products" [13] • VDI guideline 5200 "Factory Planning" [14] • VDI guideline 2206 "Development methodology for mechatronic systems" [15] • Factory Design and Improvement (FDI) model [16] • ISA-88 the hierarchical model for manufacturing control architecture [17] • ISA-95 automated interface between manufacturing enterprises and control systems [18] The various data formats applicable for modelling mechatronic systems are: the 'STandard for the Exchange of Product Model data' (STEP) -ISO 10303 [19], 'Jupiter Tesselation' (JT) -a data format for geometry representation defined within ISO 14306, 'XML Process Definition Language' (XPDL) -is an XML dialect for business process modelling, and 'XML Metadata Interchange' (XMI) -is a data format for exchanging meta data standardized by 'Object Management Group' (OMG) popularly known for 'Product Lifecycle Management' (PLM) products. In this landscape, data exchange formats like AML and STEP can be a major game-changer by being able to cover all or at least most of the key information within the engineering processes of the production systems [20].…”

“…In this landscape, data exchange formats like AML and STEP can be a major game-changer by being able to cover all or at least most of the key information within the engineering processes of the production systems [20]. [16] has conducted a detailed analysis of various standards within the PPR domain and presented it as shown in Table 1. IEC 62714 is one of the most promising solution for data exchange focused towards the domain of automation engineering.…”

Solving the Job-Shop Scheduling Problem in the Industry 4.0 Era

“…One of the automation pillars is the use of clearly defined processes. Hence, the use of standards in automated environments is not only common but also essential to creating stable processes and reliable systems [21]. At the same time, standardization is vital for diffusing agent-based technologies in industrial applications [22].…”