An analysis of the content of questions and responses in incident investigations: Self reports in the investigation of signals passed at danger (SPADs)

Ryan, Brendan; Hutchings, Jessica; Lowe, Emma

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2009.09.011

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The rail industry provides an example of how the full range of these techniques are used to collect data from a witness: If a driver misses a sign or signal s/he may be notified of the incident initially in a telephone call and will be required to write a report about the missed signal at the end of his/her shift. Next, s/he will have an initial interview within 24 hours, and then a full investigative interview within seven-days, possibly longer (Ryan, Hutchings & Lowe, 2010). This example reveals that investigators may rely on information obtained from witnesses using different information gathering approaches; in this case, incident report forms and different questioning formats.…”

Section: Challenges Of Investigating Adverse Industrial Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Self‐Administered Witness Interview Tool (SAW‐IT): Enhancing witness recall of workplace incidents

MacLean

Gabbert

Hope³

2019

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Given the often crucial role of witness evidence in Occupational Health and Safety investigation, statements should be obtained as soon as possible after an incident using best practice methods. The present research systematically tested the efficacy of a novel Self-Administered Witness Interview Tool (SAW-IT); an adapted version of the Self-Administered Interview (SAI ©) designed to elicit comprehensive information from witnesses to industrial events. The present study also examined whether completing the SAW-IT mitigated the effect of schematic processing on witness recall. Results indicate that the SAW-IT elicited significantly more correct details, as well as more precise information than a traditional incident report form. Neither the traditional report from, nor the SAW-IT mitigated against biasing effects of contextual information about a worker's safety history, confirming that witnesses should be shielded from extraneous post-event information prior to reporting. Importantly, these results demonstrate that the SAW-IT can enhance the quality of witness reports.

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Section: Challenges Of Investigating Adverse Industrial Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Self‐Administered Witness Interview Tool (SAW‐IT): Enhancing witness recall of workplace incidents

MacLean

Gabbert

Hope³

2019

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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“…It is therefore not surprising that people do not naturally describe the visible cues that contribute to their interpretation. People can be vulnerable to reporting things that they can not know (Nisbett and Wilson, 1977), especially if inappropriate prompts or questions are used (Ericsson and Simon, 1993;Ryan et al, 2010). It will be important in future studies to investigate how people identify and respond to presuicidal behaviours, giving consideration to what they are comfortable with reporting.…”

Section: Breadth Of Coverage Of Pre-suicidal Behaviours and Ability To Discriminate Risk Of Incident From The Observable Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a framework of behaviours before suicides at railway locations

Ryan

2017

Ergonomics

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Better knowledge of behaviours of people at railway property could help with identifying those at risk of suicide. Literature has been reviewed from a range of disciplines on what is known about studying behaviour in this type of public location. Secondary analysis has been carried out on descriptions of behaviour from structured exercises with experts and other pre-existing sources. A framework has been produced with five main classes (display of emotion, appearance, posture/movements, activities and interactions) and associated sub-classes. Commentary has been provided on factors that influence identification of suspicious behaviours, how to distinguish these from normal behaviours and the circumstances that inhibit timely reactions to the behaviour amidst the complexity of the operational railway. Opportunities to develop and use the framework are discussed, including using this to prompt collection of additional behavioural data from wider resources, enhancing staff training and developing requirements for effective use of surveillance technologies. Practitioner Summary: Many railway suicides could be prevented with better understanding of behaviours before events. Pre-existing data sources have been analysed, producing a framework highlighting five aspects of behaviour. This can prompt the collection of better evidence on pre-suicidal behaviours, with future applications in developing surveillance technologies, training staff and public awareness.

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“…24 In addition, various tools have been created for accident investigators, to help determine causal factors in SPaDs. 25 For instance, the UK's Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) released a guide for the industry to support the understanding of HFs in the rail environment. 26 A significant part of this guide is focused on the design of the immediate physical environment of the driver, including equipment and workplace design.…”

Section: And Van Dermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phenomenon of Signal Passed at Danger has been studied from the human factors perspective, where research has attempted to analyse and understand patterns of SPaD incident propagation (24). In addition, various tools have been created for accident investigators, Proc ImechE Part F: J Rail and Rapid Transit to help determine causal factors in SPaDs (25). For instance, the UK's Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) released a guide for the industry to support the understanding of human factors in the rail environment (26).…”

Section: Rail Human Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of system design-related factors on the safety performance of metro drivers

Rjabovs

Palacín

2016

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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Although it is accepted that system design affects train driver performance, the literature related to this phenomenonin relation to urban railways and metro systems in particular-is scarce. Metro systems differ significantly from mainline railways, being closed systems, with shorter headways, a greater number of stations and more signals encountered. This paper aims to investigate the effects of design-related performance shaping factors on metro driver performance, by analysing historical incident records for the 2011-2013 period on the Tyne & Wear (T&W) Metro (UK). Bivariate statistical analysis has been used, to assess the potential inter-dependency of the performance shaping factors and other common causal factors, for various driver-related incident types. In addition to category A signals passed at danger incidents, station overruns, and incidents associated with station procedures have also been assessed. The results show the significant importance of the location (design) based performance shaping factors in incident propagation mechanisms in the Metro. The two years under investigation display increased consistency between driver-related incidents and locations, rather than time of day, or season. In addition, the highest correlation between incidents has been found in terms of locations. Deviations from a standardised T&W Metro station design were found to associate with either an increase or decrease in incident rates, depending on whether additional complexity or simplicity was introduced. Although the features of metro systems suggest improved route knowledge and system familiarity among drivers, the results show that this can actually lead to an unsatisfactory safety-related performance during non-routine operations, e.g. engineering works, or driving in sidings.

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An analysis of the content of questions and responses in incident investigations: Self reports in the investigation of signals passed at danger (SPADs)

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

The Self‐Administered Witness Interview Tool (SAW‐IT): Enhancing witness recall of workplace incidents

The Self‐Administered Witness Interview Tool (SAW‐IT): Enhancing witness recall of workplace incidents

Developing a framework of behaviours before suicides at railway locations

The influence of system design-related factors on the safety performance of metro drivers

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