An analysis of the microstructure and properties of cold-rolled Ni:Al laminate foils

Stover, Adam K.; Krywopusk, Nicholas M.; Fritz, Gregory M.; Barron, Sara C.; Gibbins, John D.; Weihs, Timothy P.

doi:10.1007/s10853-013-7387-5

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Reactions did not self-propagate at all in the Al:Ni P/F specimens. In all cases of propagation, the reactions could be visually observed to proceed in an unsteady manner, similar to that reported by others [25,32,38,42].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…As reported in earlier publications [10,[35][36][39][40]42], reductions in average reactant spacing allow atomic mixing and phase formation to occur at lower temperatures in DSC scans, simply due to smaller average diffusion distances. The smaller diffusion distances also lead to lower ignition temperatures, even ones well below the melting point of Al.…”

Section: Calorimetry and Ignition Datamentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Exothermic formation reactions that generate intermetallic compounds and heat have been studied extensively [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and can occur in compacts of homogeneous [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], composite [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] or core shell particles [29][30][31], or in layered films [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] or foils [41][42][43]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, such processes are more expensive than mechanical methods due to high capital costs and lower throughput on a per mass basis. Mechanical methods for fabricating RMs include ball-milling [9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], rolling [10,[41][42][43][44][45], and cold isostatic pressing [3]. These methods typically have lower capital costs and higher throughputs but cannot achieve the same microstructural uniformity as PVD methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties of reactive Al:Ni compacts fabricated by radial forging of elemental and alloy powders

Gibbins

Stover

Krywopusk

et al. 2015

Combustion and Flame

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a b s t r a c tWe explore rotary swaging of powders into solid compacts as an inexpensive means of producing reactive materials with refined microstructures and improved properties. Rotary swaging is a cold forging process that reduces the diameter of tubes, and in this study the tubes are packed with reactive combinations of elemental and alloy powders. The diameter reductions create a nearly fully dense compact from the powders and also reduce the average reactant spacing through plastic deformation. The extent of diameter reduction controls the microstructural refinement, observed through cross-sectional imaging. We correlate the observed changes in microstructure with reaction properties that are characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot-plate ignition studies, and velocity measurements. Exothermic peaks in DSC scans all shift to lower onset temperatures; hot plate ignition temperatures decrease; and reaction velocities rise as the degree of swaging is increased. We vary the shape of the initial reactants by substituting Ni flakes for Ni powders and find no improvement in microstructure or reaction properties, due to clumping of the Ni flakes during the initial compaction steps. We also vary chemistry by substituting Al-Mg alloy powders for Al powders and find that the alloy powders yield lower DSC exothermic peak temperatures, lower ignition temperatures, and higher reaction velocities compared to similar compacts with pure Al powders. This combination of results suggests that rotary swaging is an effective technique for producing reactive materials at low cost.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Calorimetry and Ignition Datamentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Properties of reactive Al:Ni compacts fabricated by radial forging of elemental and alloy powders

Gibbins

Stover

Krywopusk

et al. 2015

Combustion and Flame

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show abstract

“…Initially, the processes were only applied to mono-materials, such as steel [10,11], aluminum [12], copper [13], nickel [14], and titanium [15]. However, these processes have recently been used to fabricate multi-layered composites with dissimilar metals, such as Al/Mg [16][17][18][19], Al/Zn [20], Al/Steel [21], Al/Ni [22], Cu/Nb [23,24], Cu/Ni [25], Ti/Ni [26], Al/Ni/Cu [27], and Ti/Al/Nb [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of intermetallic compounds of Cu/Al multilayer foils during cold rolling

Sun

2015

Sci. China Mater.

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Sci China Mater 2015, 58: 574-583 ening may prevent severe plastic deformation. Therefore, understanding whether chemical reactions can occur and new phases can be formed during producing multi-layered composites by severe plastic deformation is important. However, these behaviors are not well understood. Accordingly, the occurrence of chemical reactions in heavily strained dissimilar metals at room temperature must be demonstrated.We want to determine the behavior of a laminated-metal composite when pressure is applied. A four-high micro-foil mini mill (3M mill) was previously developed to roll extremely thin strips [29]. Using the 3M mill, a 0.13-mmthick Cu/Al composite foil was obtained at room temperature without annealing. Surprisingly, some new phases were observed at the interfaces of the roll-bonded Cu/Al composite foil. Transmission electron microscopy/selected area eltrecon diffraction (TEM/SAED) and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) reveal that the new phases are composed of Al 2 Cu/AlCu/Al 4 Cu 9 . Thus, room-temperature chemical reactions conclusively occur under force effects. EXPERIMENTAL SECTIONSpecial rolling process Pure copper T2 (99.8% purity) with size 100 mm×30 mm×0.21 mm (length×width×thickness), and pure aluminum A1100 (99.7% purity) with size 100 mm×30 mm×0.20 mm were selected as initial materials. To obtain good bonding between the metal layers, aluminum and copper sheets were annealed at 500°C and 600°C for 1 h, respectively, and were polished using a stainless steel brush to remove surface oxidation films. After ultrasonic washing in acetone and hot air drying, 23 layers were alternately stacked (11 layers Al and 12 layers Cu). The sample was cold rolled at room temperature using six passes. The first two passes were performed on a two-high mill with a roll diameterIn metallurgical theory, the generation of new phases requires high temperature diffusion over a long period of time. Here, we report an experimental study of the generation of new phases using large mechanical deformations and high pressure, rather than heat. A 4.83-mm-thick 23-layered Cu/Al sandwich strip was formed by cold rolling. When the Cu/Al sandwich was further rolled to a 0.13-mm-thick foil on a four-high micro-foil mini mill at room temperature, some rectangular-shaped phases appeared at the Cu/Al interfaces. The scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that the phases are a mixture of Al2Cu/ AlCu/Al4Cu9, which indicates that chemical reactions occur at the Cu/Al interfaces during cold deformation. This study provides new insights into the design and development of composite materials for various applications.

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2015

Al‐Based Energetic Nanomaterials

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An analysis of the microstructure and properties of cold-rolled Ni:Al laminate foils

Cited by 39 publications

References 40 publications

Properties of reactive Al:Ni compacts fabricated by radial forging of elemental and alloy powders

Properties of reactive Al:Ni compacts fabricated by radial forging of elemental and alloy powders

Formation of intermetallic compounds of Cu/Al multilayer foils during cold rolling

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