An analysis of the purinergic component of active muscle vasodilatation obtained by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus in rabbits

Shimada, Steven G.; Stitt, John T.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1984.tb16522.x

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We demonstrated here that electrical stimulation and disinhibition of GABAergic input to the perifornical area elicited the cardiovascular and respiratory defense responses and increased arousal level in urethane-anesthetized mice in a similar manner as in cats (1), rabbits (49), and rats (13,57). A recent report that spontaneous activity of identified orexin-containing neuron in slice preparation was inhibited by the GABA-A receptor agonist muscimol supports the rele- vance of our experimental setup (16,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Attenuated defense response and low basal blood pressure in orexin knockout mice

Kayaba¹,

Nakamura²,

Kasuya³

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

296

229

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. Attenuated defense response and low basal blood pressure in orexin knockout mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 285: R581-R593, 2003. First published May 15, 2003 10.1152/ ajpregu.00671.2002The perifornical area of the hypothalamus has been known as the center for the defense response, or "fight or flight" response, which is characterized by a concomitant rise in arterial blood pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), and respiratory frequency (Rf). We examined whether orexin, a recently identified hypothalamic neuropeptide, contributes to the defense response and basal cardiovascular regulation using orexin knockout mice. Microinjection of a GABA-A receptor antagonist, bicuculline methiodide (0.1-1 mM in 20 nl), to the perifornical area in urethane-anesthetized wild-type mice elicited dose-dependent increases in AP, HR, and Rf. Although similar changes were observed in orexin knockout mice, intensities were smaller and duration was shorter than those in wild-type mice. Moreover, in an awake and freely moving condition, telemeter-indwelling orexin knockout mice showed diminished cardiovascular and behavioral responses to emotional stress in the residentintruder test. We also found that basal AP in orexin knockout mice was significantly lower in both anesthetized (117 Ϯ 8 mmHg in wild type and 92 Ϯ 3 in knockout) and conscious (125 Ϯ 6 mmHg in wild type and 109 Ϯ 2 in knockout) conditions. ␣-Adrenergic blockade with prazosin or ganglion blockade with hexamethonium canceled the difference in basal AP. HR and cardiac contractile parameters by echocardiography did not differ between the two strains of mice. These results indicate lower sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone in knockout mice. The present study suggests that orexin-containing neurons in the perifornical area play a role as one of the efferent pathways of defense response and also operate as a regulator of AP at basal condition by activating sympathetic outflow.hypothalamus; stress; respiration; sympathetic nervous system; circadian rhythm OREXIN A and B, also known as hypocretin 1 and 2, are recently identified neuropeptides that consist of 33 and 28 amino acids, respectively (10, 46). They are proteolytically derived from the same precursor peptide (prepro-orexin) and exert a variety of functions by acting on orexin receptor type 1 and/or type 2. Orexin-containing neuron cell bodies are located exclusively in the lateral and dorsal hypothalamic areas and their axons diffusely innervate almost the entire central nervous system (6,9,10,38,39,44,46). This anatomic feature establishes the bases that orexin contributes to multiple physiological functions, including feeding behavior (46), energy homeostasis (46, 54), sleep-wake cycle (5), and regulation of the autonomic and neuroendocrine systems (9,22,44,54).Several laboratories have proposed a possible contribution of orexin in cardiovascular regulation by observing the effects of exogenously administered orexins. Orexins on intracerebroventricular injection increased arterial blood pressure (AP), heart ra...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Attenuated defense response and low basal blood pressure in orexin knockout mice

Kayaba¹,

Nakamura²,

Kasuya³

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

296

229

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hypothalamic stimulation in anesthetized rabbits produced skeletal muscle vasodilation, which has been claimed to be mediated by ATP released from sympathetic nerves (Shimada and Stitt, 1984). Adenosine was not involved in vasodilatation produced by exogenous ATP or hypothalamic stimulation.…”

Section: Dual Control Of Vascular Tone By Perivascular Nerves Andmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…ATP can be released from nerves in rabbit skeletal muscle to cause skeletal muscle vasodilation via actions on P2 receptors; the ATP release was evoked after hypothalamic stimulation (Shimada and Stitt, 1984). Field stimulation of 1A arterioles from the red portion of rat gastrocnemius muscle was shown to release ATP in two phases from nerves, measured with real-time biosensors (Kluess et al, 2010).…”

Section: Skeletal Muscle Microvasculature and Femoral Arterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Purinergic Signaling and Blood Vessels in Health and Disease

2013

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“…For example, skeletal muscle vasodilation produced by hypothalamic stimulation in anaesthetised rabbits has been claimed to be mediated, by ATP released from sympathetic nerves (Shimada and Stitt 1984). A contribution of ATP to sympathetic vasopressor responses of the pithed rat has also been demonstrated (Grant et al 1985;Bulloch and McGrath 1988a;Schlicker et al 1989).…”

Section: Blood Vessels Nanc Inhibitory Innervation Of the Portal Veinmentioning

confidence: 95%

Peripheral Nervous System

Burnstock¹,

Verkhratsky

2012

Purinergic Signalling and the Nervous System

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An analysis of the purinergic component of active muscle vasodilatation obtained by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus in rabbits

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Attenuated defense response and low basal blood pressure in orexin knockout mice

Attenuated defense response and low basal blood pressure in orexin knockout mice

Purinergic Signaling and Blood Vessels in Health and Disease

Peripheral Nervous System

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