An Analysis on Sound Speed in Seawater using CTD Data

Jamshidi, Siamak; Bakar, N. B. Abu

doi:10.3923/jas.2010.132.138

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To find node i position it is necessary to know at least three dij > 0 elements where j = 1…N with j ≠ i. Communication range R has to be greater than the distance dij. For simulation purpose we propose an equation (11) to calculate the erroneous distance.…”

Section: Effect Of Ocean Parameters On Average Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis concludes that the sound speed was predominantly influenced by temperature and very less by salinity and pressure [13]. As in Figure. Sound speed was predominantly influence by temperature rather than salinity and pressure [11]. Hence for analysis of effect of sound speed on Localization algorithm in 3D scenario, we will keep salinity and pressure as a constant factor and vary temperature to calculate its impact on calculated node location.…”

Section: Effect Of Ocean Parameters On Average Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Realization of 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks and Influence of Ocean Parameters on Node Location Estimation

Naik¹

2012

IJWMN

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Autonomous Under Water Sensor Networks UWSNs form distributed amorphous computing environments. This emerging technology will pay off the need of conventional large, expensive, individual Ocean monitoring equipment. Efficient resolution for an unreachable UWSN which includes failureprone nodes will require strategies that are as simple as possible in computations and local communications, to facilitate self-organization. In this paper, we propose a distributed self organizing localization algorithm for localization in 3 Dimensional 3D UWSN. Unlike in terrestrial positioning, Under Water UW networks experience various impediments. These hurdles are caused due to variation in different UW parameters, especially in the ocean. We propose an efficient localization technique for 3D UW networks. Our proposed technique eliminates errors encountered during localization process. Further we study the effect of sound speed using our proposed localization algorithm and localization technique. The proposed localization technique is also analysed for anomaly caused due to erroneous depth which is calculated using pressure sensors. The simulated results are analysed to find the average error in calculated node location. The results show that this localization technique realized using our self organizing algorithm incurs less computational and communicational burden.

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Section: Effect Of Ocean Parameters On Average Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Ocean Parameters On Average Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

Realization of 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks and Influence of Ocean Parameters on Node Location Estimation

Naik¹

2012

IJWMN

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“…Due to the complex underwater environment such as seawater temperature, static pressure and seawater salinity, the underwater acoustic speed changes with time and space. Therefore, the sound speed error is the key factor to affect the positioning accuracy of the LBL system for the underwater target [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TOA positioning algorithm of LBL system for underwater target based on PSO

Yao,

Zhangming,

Jiongqi

et al. 2023

J. of Syst. Eng. Electron.

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“…Normally in literature, the average value of the sound velocity in water is accepted as 1500 m/s, calculated taking as reference the nominal conditions of the water, characterized by a temperature of 0 ° C, a salinity of 35 ppt (parts per thousand) and a pressure of 760 mmHg [20], [21]. This average value, however, can oscillate according to the characteristics of the water, varying between 1387 m/s and 1529 m/s [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of sound velocity determination for bathymetric survey

Amoroso

Parente

2021

ACTA IMEKO

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Bathymetric surveys are carried out whenever there is a need to know the exact morphological trend of the seabed. For a correct operation of the echo sounder, which uses the principle of acoustic waves to scan the bottom and determine the depth, it is important to accurately determine the sound velocity in water, as it varies according to specific parameters (Density, Temperature, and Pressure). In this work, we want to analyse the role of sound velocity determination in bathymetric survey and its impact on the accuracy of depth measurement. The experiments are conducted on data set provided by “Istituto Idrografico della Marina Militare Italiana” (IIM), the official Hydrographic Office for Italy, and acquired in the Ligurian sea. In our case, the formulas of Chen & Millero (UNESCO), Medwin, and Mackenzie were applied. The introduction of errors on chemical-physical parameters of the water column (Temperature, Pressure, Salinity, Depth) simulating inaccurate measurements, produces considerable impacts on sound velocity determination and subsequently a decrease of the depth value accuracy. The results remark the need to use precise probes and accurate procedures to obtain reliable depth data.

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An Analysis on Sound Speed in Seawater using CTD Data

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Realization of 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks and Influence of Ocean Parameters on Node Location Estimation

Realization of 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks and Influence of Ocean Parameters on Node Location Estimation

TOA positioning algorithm of LBL system for underwater target based on PSO

The importance of sound velocity determination for bathymetric survey

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