An analytic meshless enrichment function for handling discontinuities in interactive surgical simulation

A review of virtual cutting methods and technology in deformable objects

“…Actual simulation results of cutting simulation using meshless methods, PBD methods and hybrid methods. A, Simulation of cutting process of soft tissue (meshless, extracted from); B, an interactive cutting simulation of a hanging liver model (PBD, extracted from); C, cutting simulation of multi‐material soft tissue (PBD, extracted from); D, cutting simulation of liver tissue (hybrid, extracted from); E, dissection simulation of surface mesh and volume mesh (hybrid, extracted from); F, continuous cutting simulation of liver (meshless, extracted from); G, simulation of different cutting stages of three kinds of organs (liver, spleen and gallbladder) (hybrid, extracted from); H, cutting simulation of deformable block (meshless, extracted from); I, deformation effect of tumor simulation (meshless, extracted from)…”

“…70 And this method can be extended to human body modeling and deformations. Implicit models can represent complex geometries with few elements, and the small number of Aras et al 64 (Figure 4(h)) Meshless Particle based Analysis enrichment function Enrichment Grid…”

“…To handle this problem, Aras et al further improved the method and put forward the idea of an enrichment grid for evaluating the enrichment values for multiple cuts. 64 By using a distance function to calculate the corresponding enrichment value of grid nodes, each grid node is assigned to a specific cutting section, and the enrichment value is calculated with respect to the specific cutting section. By introducing the enrichment grid, an incorrectly modified weight function is avoided, and the stability of the calculation is improved.…”

Deformable Models for Surgical Simulation: A Survey

“…Compared with the mesh-based approach, the meshless approach [109,[111][112][113] conducts object deformation without involving the mesh topology of the discretized soft tissue model, overcoming the degradation of mesh quality at large deformation involved in the mesh-based approach [114]. It uses a set of particles (mass points) dispersed arbitrarily in the problem domain and interpolates the state variables of each particle through consideration of state variables at neighboring particles (see Fig.…”

Real‐time visual and physical cutting of a meshless model deformed on a background grid

“…The computational relationship between existing DOFs is not affected since the cuts are simply superimposed on the initial model. It is also possible to use this technique with meshless methods 21 . While they allow for a very accurate cut representation at a low computational cost, these methods are not well suited to describe multiple cuts that are in contact with each other.…”