An analytical, aperture, and two-layer carrier diffusion MTF and quantum efficiency model for solid-state image sensors

Stevens, Eric G.; Lavine, J.P.

doi:10.1109/16.324584

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These MTFs are similar to the simulations of Nisenson & Barakat (1987). Figure 11 also shows a squared model detector MTF (Stevens & Lavine 1994) of the KAF1600 CCD at 430.5 nm.…”

Section: Spectral Slopesupporting

confidence: 75%

Penumbral structure at 0$\farcs$1 resolution

Voort¹,

Löfdahl²,

Kiselman³

et al. 2004

A&A

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Abstract.We analyse sunspot filtergrams of unprecedented quality obtained by Scharmer et al. (2002) with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope on La Palma. The observations comprise images in three different wavelength bands: 488, 436, and 430 nm (G-band). We find that there are still unresolved penumbral filaments which must have widths smaller than 80 km. The fine structuring along the filaments is limited. Penumbral grains have internal structure and look like they are split or crossed by narrow dark structures. We calculate intensity power spectra of the penumbra from images that are corrected for seeing using the Phase Diversity technique. The effects of high order aberrations that are not corrected for are estimated to be too low to be consistent with a flat power spectrum. The penumbral power spectra do not show any signs of bumps or peaks that could correspond to a preferred scale at 0. 35 for the width of penumbral filaments. We argue that the power spectrum is not a very reliable source of information concerning preferred scales.

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“…These MTFs are similar to the simulations of Nisenson & Barakat (1987). Figure 11 also shows a squared model detector MTF (Stevens & Lavine 1994) of the KAF1600 CCD at 430.5 nm.…”

Section: Spectral Slopesupporting

confidence: 75%

Penumbral structure at 0$\farcs$1 resolution

Voort¹,

Löfdahl²,

Kiselman³

et al. 2004

A&A

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“…The standard diffusion MTF models must be modified to account for modern layer structure as discussed by Blouke and Robinson [3] and Stevens and Lavine [7]. The latter researchers developed an approach wherein the pixel aperture and diffusion components of the MTF are treated in a unified manner.…”

Section: Cmos Aps Mtf Modeling: a Previewmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMOS APS MTF Modeling

Shcherback

Yadid-Pecht

2004

CMOS Imagers

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Abstract:The modulation transfer function (MTF) of an optical or electro-optical device is one of the most significant factors determining the image quality. Unfortunately, characterization of the MTF of the semiconductor-based focal plane arrays (FPA) has typically been one of the more difficult and error-prone performance testing procedures. Based on a thorough analysis of experimental data, a unified model has been developed for estimation of the overall CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) MTF for scalable CMOS technologies. The model covers the physical diffusion effect together with the influence of the pixel active area geometrical shape. Agreement is excellent between the results predicted by the model and the MTF calculated from the point spread function (PSF) measurements of an actual pixel. This fit confirms the hypothesis that the active area shape and the photocarrier diffusion effect are the determining factors of the overall CMOS APS MTF behavior, thus allowing the extraction of the minority-carrier diffusion length. Section 2.2 presents the details of the experimental measurements and the data acquisition method. Section 2.3 describes the physical analysis performed on the acquired data, including the fitting of the data and the relevant parameter derivation methods. Section 2.4 presents a computer model that empirically produces the PSF of the pixel. The comparisons between the modeled data and the actual scanned results are discussed in Section 2.5. Section 2.6 summarizes the chapter.

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“…The transfer functions, needed to restore images, are 4 We remark that such a calibration will also include the detector MTF. This MTF is primarily the combination of two effects: The first is from the integration over the finite size of the pixels and the second is from charge diffusion in the silicon substrate of the CCD detector (e.g., Stevens & Lavine 1994). With back-illuminated thinned CCDs operating at near infrared wavelengths, as used with CRISP, there is a third stray light source from light that is first transmitted through the thin silicon layer of the CCD and then scattered back into the beam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-order aberration compensation with multi-frame blind deconvolution and phase diversity image restoration techniques

Scharmer

Löfdahl

Werkhoven

et al. 2010

A&A

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Context. For accurately measuring intensities and determining magnetic field strengths of small-scale solar (magnetic) structure, knowledge of and compensation for the point spread function is crucial. For images recorded with the Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope (SST), restoration with multi-frame blind deconvolution (MFBD) and joint phase diverse speckle (JPDS) methods lead to remarkable improvements in image quality but granulation contrasts that are too low, indicating additional stray light. Aims. We propose a method to compensate for stray light from high-order atmospheric aberrations not included in MFBD and JPDS processing. Methods. To compensate for uncorrected aberrations, a reformulation of the image restoration process is proposed that allows the average effect of hundreds of high-order modes to be compensated for by relying on Kolmogorov statistics for these modes. The applicability of the method requires simultaneous measurements of Fried's parameter r 0 . The method is tested with simulations as well as real data and extended to include compensation for conventional stray light. Results. We find that only part of the reduction of granulation contrast in SST images is due to uncompensated high-order aberrations. The remainder is still unaccounted for and attributed to stray light from the atmosphere, the telescope with its re-imaging system and to various high-altitude seeing effects. Conclusions. We conclude that statistical compensation of high-order modes is a viable method to reduce the loss of contrast occurring when a limited number of aberrations is explicitly compensated for with MFBD and JPDS processing. We show that good such compensation is possible with only 10 recorded frames. The main limitation of the method is that already MFBD and JPDS processing introduces high-order compensation that, if not taken into account, can lead to over-compensation.

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An analytical, aperture, and two-layer carrier diffusion MTF and quantum efficiency model for solid-state image sensors

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Penumbral structure at 0$\farcs$1 resolution

Penumbral structure at 0$\farcs$1 resolution

CMOS APS MTF Modeling

High-order aberration compensation with multi-frame blind deconvolution and phase diversity image restoration techniques

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