ABSTIlACTDouble Channel HEMT's are used as variable resistor elements in a bridged-T attenuator with broadband characteristics (0.5-12GHz), and wide dynamic range (12-16dB). A small insertion lasm (2.8dB minimum) is obtained with the help of the heterojunction approach which results in smaller ON-channel resistances than MESFET technology.
INTROD2UCTIONGaAs FET's can be used as switching or variable attenuation elements if their low field source-drain resistance is modulated by the gate voltage [1,2]. Devices of this type have demonstrated extremely high switching speed, negligible control-power dissipation, and good power handling capability.Ideal switching FET's should have characteristics of low ON-resistance for minimum insertion loss and large resistance variation for high dynamic range. Another important design parameter is the depletion capacitance [3] in the OFF state and the source-drain geometrical capacitance in the ON state. This allows shunt displacement current flow and results consequently in isolation degradation at high frequencies.To control and optimize the resistance and capacitance characteristics of MESFET's, it is necessary to increase their doping level or reduce their width respectively. The latter will, however, occur at the expense of increased impedance in the ON-state. Furthermore, mobility degradation and excesive gate leakage can exist as a result of high dopings.High Electron Mobility aansistors offer an alternative solution to these problems, especially when designed with multiple heterojunction channels [4,5]. The absence of ionized impurity effects in such systems allow drift mobilities which compare to those dictated by phonon scattering and the access, as well as, channel resistances can therefore be substantially reduced. As shown in the paper this has a direct impact on the ON/OFF resistance ratio and the attenuator's dynamic range can consequently be improved.The design of the attenuator is based on the bridged-T principle which was reported to give 3.5 to 5.0 dB insertion loss and 17.0 to 10.0 dB maximum attenuation from 1 to 10 GHz [6]. Theoretical and experimental data are presented for the HEMT attenuator element design and the monolithic bridged-T circuit.
THE BRIDGED-T PRINCIPLE AND CIRCUIT OPTIMIZATIQN CONSIDERATIONSThe circuit schematic of the bridged-T attenuator is shown in Fig. 1. The attenuation is controlled by the ratio of the series (R86) and shunt (RJh) transistor channel resistances as follows:The two gate voltages V., and V2b are varied in a way which allows the Rae and R,,h control and the variation of attenuation, while maintaining good matching as imposed by the condition:Rae. x R,,h,:-Z z2(2)