An analytical characterization of different gilding techniques on artworks from the Royal Palace (Caserta, Italy)

Brocchieri, Jessica; Scialla, Elvira; Manzone, Anna; Graziano, Giuseppe Oreste; D’Onofrio, Antonio; Sabbarese, C.

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2022.08.014

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…After the number k is chosen, the method calculates centroids, that is, points to which sum of the distances between objects in the same cluster is minimized [29,30].…”

Section: X-ray Fluorescence (Xrf) and Scanning Macro-x-ray Fluorescen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of ‘Cona degli Ordini’ by Colantonio with IR and XRF Analyses

et al. 2023

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Two paintings by the Neapolitan Renaissance painter Colantonio were studied with two non-invasive techniques to enrich the technical–scientific documentation. Infrared reflectography (IR) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses were performed on Saint Jerome in the studio and Saint Francis delivering the Rule, paintings preserved in the Museo e Real Bosco di Capodimonte. The IR scanning was performed to look beyond the visible layers of the paint for the preparatory drawings and pentimenti, or changes made during the painting process. The XRF technique was applied in many points to determine the elemental composition and enable the identification of pigments and materials used in paint and in the preparatory layers. Elemental XRF mapping was also carried out on a region of particular interest. Results provide an initial overview and hypothesis of color palette and techniques used by the artist.

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“…After the number k is chosen, the method calculates centroids, that is, points to which sum of the distances between objects in the same cluster is minimized [29,30].…”

Section: X-ray Fluorescence (Xrf) and Scanning Macro-x-ray Fluorescen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of ‘Cona degli Ordini’ by Colantonio with IR and XRF Analyses

et al. 2023

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“…As a result of the measurement, the software's qualitative analysis packages were used to identify the chemical elements in the spectrum and, in particular, PyMca software was used for the best comparison of spectra and for calculating net area counts (deconvolution of the characteristic fluorescence peaks). The interpretation of the data was supported using MATLAB_R2019a software with specific statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) [37][38][39], hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) [40,41], and k-means clustering [42][43][44].…”

Section: Xrf Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Multispectral Imaging and XRF Analysis to Examine San Patroba predica ai fedeli di Pozzuoli by Massimo Stanzione

Brocchieri,

Scialla,

Merolle

et al. 2023

QuBS

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A diagnostic analysis of the painting depicting San Patroba che predica ai fedeli di Pozzuoli by Massimo Stanzione was carried out. The painting was completed in 1635–1637 to decorate the choir of the Cathedral of Saint Procolo in Pozzuoli (Naples, Italy). The technique of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and multispectral imaging were applied on site to learn about the executive technique, the palette of the painting, and the restoration works, as well as understand the influence of the other painters active in Naples in that period. The results of the research are presented and discussed to draw general aspects and peculiarities of the pigments and the pictorial technique used by this important painter, as well as the restorations.

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“…With the aims of characterizing the artistic technique and the state of conservation of the two eagles from the Abbey of San Miniato al Monte and providing useful information for the restoration process (Appendix A), an in-depth diagnostic project was set up. An array of analytical techniques was employed, including non-invasive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), to map and identify the working technique of gilding on bodies and bales of cloth [28,29] with micro-invasive analyses. Regarding the powder samples taken from the surface, the compositions of pigments, deposits, and patinas were identified by combining Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy [30] and X-ray diffractometry on powders (XRPD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychrome Bronze Sculpture: A Multi-Analytical Approach to Unveil the Renaissance Gilded Eagles in the Abbey of San Miniato al Monte, Florence

Cantisani,

Salvioli,

Salvadori

2024

Heritage

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The gilded bronze eagles that stand upon the summit of the Tabernacle by Michelozzo in the Abbey of San Miniato al Monte, Florence (Italy) are an exquisite example of Italian Renaissance sculpture. Commissioned by Piero di Cosimo de Medici, the two eagles, representing the ancient Arte di Calimala, were cast and decorated by Maso di Bartolomeo in the 1448–1449 period. A multi-analytical approach was set up to characterize the state of conservation, materials used, and artistic technique of the eagles. Non-invasive methods were used and integrated with micro-invasive analyses, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry on powders (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with EDS (SEM-EDS), and metallographic investigation. The results depict shiny-looking eagles, suggesting the use of oil gilding on almost all surfaces and revealing the presence of polychromies, which is almost unusual in XV-century bronze statuary and is initially hidden by deposits and corrosion products. Indeed, the paws were originally painted with azurite, while the use of cinnabar imparted a vivid red color to the tongue. A black paint containing mercury was found on the eyes and talons. The bales of cloth were decorated with silver, which is now almost completely lost and whose remains are not visible due to being tarnished, while fine details in gold were detected on the lanyard.

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An analytical characterization of different gilding techniques on artworks from the Royal Palace (Caserta, Italy)

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Study of ‘Cona degli Ordini’ by Colantonio with IR and XRF Analyses

Study of ‘Cona degli Ordini’ by Colantonio with IR and XRF Analyses

Combining Multispectral Imaging and XRF Analysis to Examine San Patroba predica ai fedeli di Pozzuoli by Massimo Stanzione

Polychrome Bronze Sculpture: A Multi-Analytical Approach to Unveil the Renaissance Gilded Eagles in the Abbey of San Miniato al Monte, Florence

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