An Analytical Model for Predicting Stresses in Grain Storage Bins

Zhang, Q.; Bu, Xiangning; Britton, M. G.

doi:10.13031/2013.17337

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…1 This ability to change shape when an electric field is applied can be used in many areas, such as artificial muscles and organs, smart materials for vibration and noise control, electromechanical actuators and sensors for robots, acoustic transducers used for underwater navigation and medical imaging, and fluid pumps and valves. [2][3][4] In recent years, there has been a great deal of effort put into exploring different approaches in an attempt to improve the performance of existing polymers and/ or to develop high-performance polymers, including studies of the effects of irradiation [5][6][7] and the behavior of elastomers, [8][9][10] terpolymers, [11][12][13][14] composites, [15][16][17] and polymer blends as well as thermal treatments. [18][19][20] Among these, high-energy electron-irradiated poly-(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer exhibits high electrostrictive strain with high elastic modulus and high load capability, 7 a combination that is very attractive for a wide range of applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Relaxor ferroelectric behavior was also recently observed in the irradiated copolymer. 5,[25][26][27] The relaxor ferroelectrics represent a class of materials with high dielectric constants and superior electromechanical performance. For example, the electric-field-induced strain response in relaxor ferroelectric polymer can reach about 5%, much higher than the strain level (∼0.1%) observed in piezoelectric polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recrystallization Study of High-Energy Electron-Irradiated P(VDF−TrFE) 65/35 Copolymer

Arbatti

Cheng

2003

Macromolecules

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Electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer exhibits a very high electromechanical performance that is attractive for many applications. A study of recrystallization of irradiated P(VDF-TrFE) 65/35 mol % copolymer is reported in this paper. The structure and morphology of the recrystallized samples were determined using DSC and X-ray diffraction, and the polarization behavior of the recrystallized samples was studied. The nonpolar phase content of the recrystallized samples was much lower than that of the irradiated samples. For irradiated samples that exhibited the best electromechanical performance, the corresponding recrystallized material had a high polar phase content, with a correspondingly high remanent polarization. For samples irradiated with higher doses, although the polarization level was low immediately after irradiation, after recrystallization the material exhibited a much higher polarization level with a very small remanent polarization, an attractive combination for many electromechanical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recrystallization Study of High-Energy Electron-Irradiated P(VDF−TrFE) 65/35 Copolymer

Arbatti

Cheng

2003

Macromolecules

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“…The irradiation was carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere at 110 °C with 1.2 MeV electrons and 70 Mrads dose. 13 The terpolymer of P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) (and P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) will be synthesized by a free radical synthesis process using a suspension method. 15,16 All the film samples were coated with the thermally evaporated aluminium electrodes for electric characterizations and ECE measurement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With proper defect modification, the dipolar disordered state can become stable at room temperature and the polymer is converted into a relaxor ferroelectric. [12][13][14] Two methods can be implemented to achieve such defect modification, high-energy-electron irradiation and copolymerization with chlorofluoroethylene (CFE) or chlorothifluoroethylene (CTFE) monomer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact cooling devices based on giant electrocaloric effect dielectrics

Qian

et al. 2012

13th InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems

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The entropy and/or temperature change of material with respect to electric fields is known as electrocaloric effect (ECE). Giant ECE is discovered in P(VDF-TrFE) ferroelectric copolymers near ferroelectric-paraelectric (F-P) transition temperature. F-P transition is normally much higher than room temperature around which is preferred by working temperature of cooling device configuration. This paper presents the two defect-inducing methods to lower and broaden working temperature range of P(VDF-TrFE) based copolymers for ECE. Giant ECE is experimentally demonstrated in large temperature range (0-55°C). In addition, an electrocaloric oscillatory refrigerator (ECOR) was proposed and simulated by finite volume method and its high performance was theoretically demonstrated. Temperature gradient larger than 30 °C can be maintained across the two sides of a 1 cm device. For ΔT=20 °C cooling condition, a high cooling power (5.4 W/cm 2 ) and significantly higher coefficient of performance (COP) can be achieved (50% of Carnot efficiency).

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“…Many researchers have been involved in the development of analytical models with the target of approximating the exact solution of the elastic boundary value problem Eqs. 5through (11) as accurately as possible [see for example Janssen (1895); Jaky (1948); Lenczner (1963); Walker (1966); Horne and Nedderman (1976); Cowin (1977); Wittmer et al (1997); Zhang et al (1998); Anandakumar (2004, 2006); Ovarlez and Clément (2005); Schillinger and Malla (2007)]. These models are based on simplifying assumptionssuch as the K-value assumption in the Janssen model -that release the strict conditions given by the governing equations of elasticity, but satisfy the boundary conditions exactly.…”

Section: Analytical Solution Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Elastic Solution Based on Fourier Series for a Laterally Confined Granular Column

Schillinger

Malla

2008

J. Eng. Mech.

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This paper presents an analytical solution methodology for the complete stress and displacement fields of a laterally confined granular column loaded from the top end. It is idealized as a homogeneous isotropic elastic medium with Coulomb's friction at the lateral boundary. The solution methodology consists of an analytical procedure that incorporates a potential approach with trigonometric series and Bessel functions, finite Fourier transforms and the superposition method, and an iterative algorithm to satisfy the Coulomb's friction condition at the lateral boundary. Stress and displacement fields are computed for a specific example and found completely consistent with corresponding finite element results. Key characteristics, computational errors, the convergence behavior and restrictions of the present approach are discussed. The methodology developed herein can be beneficially applied in the validation process of numerical simulation techniques in granular mechanics such as finite or discrete element methods.

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An Analytical Model for Predicting Stresses in Grain Storage Bins

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Recrystallization Study of High-Energy Electron-Irradiated P(VDF−TrFE) 65/35 Copolymer

Recrystallization Study of High-Energy Electron-Irradiated P(VDF−TrFE) 65/35 Copolymer

Compact cooling devices based on giant electrocaloric effect dielectrics

Analytical Elastic Solution Based on Fourier Series for a Laterally Confined Granular Column

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