An analytical model for spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane modules: Part I — Model development and parameter estimation

Steady state and dynamic modeling of spiral wound wastewater reverse osmosis process

“…However, a limited number of published models describing RO process, especially for wastewater treatment is available in the public domain (Sundaramoorthy et al, 2011a).In addition, there are a few validation studies of mathematical models with wastewater experimental data (Sundaramoorthy et al, 2011b).…”

Modeling, simulation and performance evaluation of a community scale PVRO water desalination system operated by fixed and tracking PV panels: A case study for Dhahran city, Saudi Arabia

“…By the substitution of these standard values in equation (17) the value of ðta=U L Þ can be written as in equation (19).…”

“…S et al, [19] has provided solution diffusion model that incorporates the spatial variation of pressure, flow and solute concentration in the membrane unit. This model works well under the uniform conditions and provides parameter profiles along the membrane but this model is not applicable for dynamical system.…”

Effectiveness-mass transfer units (ε-MTU) model of a reverse osmosis membrane mass exchanger

“…Much research has been conducted on the physics of the solution-diffusion model [7,18,[20][21][22] and many numerical studies have been applied to account for the more complex effects of concentration polarization, salt diffusion, and fouling [23][24][25][26][27]. Other studies have applied the solution-diffusion model for the design of RO modules such as spiral wound, hollow fiber, and crossflow long channels [25,[28][29][30][31][32][33]. The solution-diffusion model has also been used together with relevant conservation laws to optimize the operation of RO systems and minimize the specific power consumption and cost of a plant [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43].…”