1987
DOI: 10.1097/00006534-198702000-00010
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An Anatomic Study of the Venous Drainage of the Transverse Rectus Abdominis Musculocutaneous Flap

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Cited by 98 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…As reported by Carramenha e Costa et al, 14 the largest vein that drains the skin paddle of the DIEP flap was found to be SIEV, suggesting that venous drainage takes place preferentially through this vessel in the normal and nonsurgical condition. When the flap is harvested, both superficial epigastric veins are interrupted and all the venous drainage is redistributed into the deep system by the small venae comitantes accompanying the perforator.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 59%
“…As reported by Carramenha e Costa et al, 14 the largest vein that drains the skin paddle of the DIEP flap was found to be SIEV, suggesting that venous drainage takes place preferentially through this vessel in the normal and nonsurgical condition. When the flap is harvested, both superficial epigastric veins are interrupted and all the venous drainage is redistributed into the deep system by the small venae comitantes accompanying the perforator.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 59%
“…Identification of the features of draining veins that optimize venous drainage, through both superficial and deep venous systems, can be selected preoperatively for inclusion in the flap. Previous anatomical studies have sought to identify these features in cadaveric and clinical studies through various means: assessing the direction of venous flow past valves [12][13][14][15][16], demonstrating that the direction of venous flow is preferentially from the superficial venous system to the deep venous system, through a series of perforating veins. The size of venous perforators has also been highlighted as a significant contributing factor to venous congestion, with cases highlighting no suitable perforating veins in an entire hemiabdominal wall, proposing that venous compromise is Bprobably due to the sacrifice of a critical number of venous perforators^ [12].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous anatomical studies have sought to identify these features in cadaveric and clinical studies through various means: assessing the direction of venous flow past valves [12][13][14][15][16], demonstrating that the direction of venous flow is preferentially from the superficial venous system to the deep venous system, through a series of perforating veins. The size of venous perforators has also been highlighted as a significant contributing factor to venous congestion, with cases highlighting no suitable perforating veins in an entire hemiabdominal wall, proposing that venous compromise is Bprobably due to the sacrifice of a critical number of venous perforators^ [12]. This hypothesis has been confirmed experimentally, showing that the calibre of perforating veins is the limiting factor to venous drainage [17,18], and has been confirmed also in a clinical study of the DIEA perforator flap [9].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…34 The cutaneous venous system, however, also plays an important role as a drainage vein in those cases in which the deep inferior epigastric perforating veins are relatively small or in which postoperative congestion of the flap is observed.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%