An Anatomical Study of the Facial Artery

Niemann, K; Lazarus, Lelika; Rennie, Carmen Olivia

doi:10.4067/s0717-95022019000401310

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Characteristics of each study that fulfilled all criteria for inclusion are shown in Table 1. Out of 24 studies, 20 were based on cadaver dissections regarding a total of 1274 arteries in 745 cadavers (Dickson et al, 2014; Dupoirieux et al, 1999; Gardetto et al, 2002; Gocmen‐Mas et al, 2015; Koh et al, 2003; Laurentjoye et al, 2012; Lee, Gil, et al, 2015; Lee, Yang, et al, 2015; Lohn et al, 2011; Loukas et al, 2006; Midy et al, 1986; Mitz et al, 1973; Nakajima et al, 2002; Niemann et al, 2019; Niranjan, 1988; Pilsl et al, 2016; Pinar et al, 2005; Qassemyar et al, 2012; Saban et al, 2012; Tansatit et al, 2021), three on computed tomography angiography (CTA) images of a total of 726 arteries gathered from 423 patients (Furukawa et al, 2013; Hong et al, 2020; Koziej et al, 2019) and one included 119 arterial patterns gathered from 110 human fetuses (Kozielec & Józwa, 1977). In total, morphological data of 2119 arteries were included in this meta‐analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional statistics were performed for FA termination as a lateral nasal or angular artery after dividing type 3 into two subtypes. For this purpose, only the data from studies that clearly separated lateral nasal and angular artery in their results were used (Dickson et al, 2014; Dupoirieux et al, 1999; Gocmen‐Mas et al, 2015; Hong et al, 2020; Koh et al, 2003; Laurentjoye et al, 2012; Lee, Yang, et al, 2015; Lohn et al, 2011; Loukas et al, 2006; Midy et al, 1986; Niemann et al, 2019; Niranjan, 1988; Pilsl et al, 2016; Pinar et al, 2005; Qassemyar et al, 2012; Tansatit et al, 2021), hence data regarding 1339 arterial patterns were included in these statistics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main fields in which research studies differ were found to be terminology and prevalence of each termination type. Gained prevalence for different termination vessels oscillated from 15.00% to 95.16% for lateral nasal or angular artery, from 0.00% to 42.50% for a superior or inferior labial artery, from 0.00% to 80.00% for an inferior alar, from 0.00% to 29.63% for a dominant lateral branch, and from 0.00% to 8.33% for an hypoplastic FA (Dickson et al, 2014; Dupoirieux et al, 1999; Furukawa et al, 2013; Gardetto et al, 2002; Gocmen‐Mas et al, 2015; Hong et al, 2020; Koh et al, 2003; Koziej et al, 2019; Kozielec & Józwa, 1977; Laurentjoye et al, 2012; Lee, Gil, et al, 2015; Lee, Yang, et al, 2015; Lohn et al, 2011; Loukas et al, 2006; Midy et al, 1986; Mitz et al, 1973; Nakajima et al, 2002; Niemann et al, 2019; Niranjan, 1988; Pilsl et al, 2016; Pinar et al, 2005; Qassemyar et al, 2012; Saban et al, 2012; Tansatit et al, 2021). The aim of this meta‐analysis was to gather data form previous studies, so the most accurate prevalence of each termination type could be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Termination points of the facial artery—A meta‐analysis

et al. 2021

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The facial artery (FA) is the main artery supplying the anterior face, making this artery a very important structure to consider while performing plastic and reconstructive procedures. The literature shows discrepancies in anatomical classifications and the frequency of occurrence of individual variations. Therefore, the goal of this meta‐analysis is to provide surgeons with helpful knowledge about the variety of the termination of FA. Articles with data about the termination of the FA were found in major online medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web Of Science, and Cochrane Library. A total of 1346 articles were initially evaluated by two independent reviewers. Out of those, 24 articles matched the required criteria, and were used in this meta‐analysis. A total of 2119 studied FAs were included in this study. The FA termination patterns were divided into five previously classified types. The data show that the FA terminates most frequently as the lateral nasal or angular artery with the prevalence for this group being 69.81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59.83%–78.94%). Authors believe that this is the most accurate and up to date study regarding termination patterns and the prevalence of the FA. The results of this meta‐analysis could provide a helpful tool for surgeons preforming plastic and cosmetic procedures, especially when injecting dermal fillers or choosing and preforming facial flaps. Detailed anatomical knowledge about the FA may prevent potential surgical complications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Termination points of the facial artery—A meta‐analysis

et al. 2021

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“…However, some studies reported six or more types (with subtypes) due to the variable course and individual differences in termination patterns [28]. Termination of the FA was ILA (5.13%), SLA (10.26%), the inferior (10.26%) and superior (46.15%) alar arteries, LNA (5.13%), and AA (20.51%) [28]. Males (48.72%) were found to have more variations than females (41.03%) [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branching Patterns and Variations of Facial Artery and Clinical Importance: A Cadaveric Study

Barut¹,

Öğüt²,

Askin³

et al. 2023

Dubai Med J

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Introduction: The facial artery (FA) was observed with distinctive variations and anomalous, which occur during the embryological developmental process due to the ablation of neural crest cells that impact embryonic aortic arch vessels, resulting in distinctive branching patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the types, clinical importance, localization, and differences of FA in fixed cadavers according to gender and body side. Methods: The current study was conducted on 19 formalin-fixed cadavers (68.4% males, n = 13; 31.6% females, n = 6). The types, variations, prevalence, and distance to nearby surgical landmarks of FA were recorded on both sides. Measurements were taken with a surgical microscope (Zeiss Meditec, Berlin, Germany) and a digital caliper (INCA, DCLA-0605, 0.6–150 mm). Results: Angular type % 73.1 (n = 14, right; n = 19, left), labial type % 5.3 (n = 1, right), alar type % 5.3 (n = 1, right), and nasal type % 5.3 (n = 1, right) were detected. The following parameters were significant according to gender; the distance between the ala of the nose and the origin of the FA on both sides (p = 0.007 right; p = 0.018 left), the diameter of FA at the cheilion (p = 0.019 left), diameters of the superior and inferior labial arteries at their origin (p = 0.031 right; p = 0.025 right) and PO lines. Conclusion: The significant differences in gender according to the distance of the FA and its branches from the origin should be considered to reduce complications during surgery. The differences in studies according to the types and variations of FA may be due to the scale of the study, gender, or study design.

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“…Preoperative knowledge on individual anatomical variations in facial artery patterns may aid maxillofacial surgeons in reconstructive planning to effectively manage facial injuries with arterial involvement, dermatologists in aesthetic procedures, and radiological anatomy professionals in the field of malignancies for the treatment of various facial tumors by embolization [13][14][15][16]. Information on variations in the facial artery may also contribute to damage risk mitigation during cosmetic procedures such as neurotoxin or filler injections [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Case of Facial Artery Branching—A Review of the Literature and a Case Report with Clinical Implications

et al. 2021

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Background and Objectives: Vascular variations appear as morphologically distinct patterns of blood diverging from the most commonly observed vessel patterns. The facial artery is considered to be the main vessel for supplying blood to the anterior part of the face. An anatomical understanding of the facial artery, its course, its topography, and its branches is important in medical and dental practice (especially in neck and face surgery), and is also essential for radiologists to be able to interpret vascular imaging in the face following angiography of the region. A profound knowledge of the arteries in the region will aid in minimizing the risks to the patient. Materials and Methods: In our publication a narrative literature review and a case report are presented. Results: A rare case of a facial artery pattern has been described anatomically for the first time with respect to its course and branching. This variation was found on the left side of a 60-year-old male corpse during anatomical dissection. The anterior branch of the facial artery arched in the direction of the labial angle, and there divided into the inferior and superior labial arteries. At the same time, the posterior branch coursed vertically and superficially to the masseter muscle. It here gave off the premasseteric branch, and continued towards the nose, where it ran below the levator labii superioris and the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscles and terminated at the dorsum nasi. Conclusions: Our review of the literature and the case report add to knowledge on the facial artery with respect to its topographical anatomy and its branching and termination patterns, as well as the areas of supply. An exact knowledge of individual facial artery anatomy may play an important role in the planning of flaps or tumor excisions due to the differing vascularization and can also help to prevent artery injuries during aesthetic procedures such as filler and botulinum toxin injections.

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An Anatomical Study of the Facial Artery

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Termination points of the facial artery—A meta‐analysis

Termination points of the facial artery—A meta‐analysis

Branching Patterns and Variations of Facial Artery and Clinical Importance: A Cadaveric Study

A Rare Case of Facial Artery Branching—A Review of the Literature and a Case Report with Clinical Implications

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