An anatomy-based coordinate system for the description of the kinematic displacements in the human knee

Pennock, Gordon R.; Clark, K. J.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(90)90378-g

Cited by 101 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These body-fixed axes are not necessarily mutually perpendicular (they are sometimes skewed), although to enable simple mathematics, they are most frequently described as mutually perpendicular [21]. Therefore, to describe patellar and femoral body-fixed axes, one only needs to describe the origin of the axis system, and the direction of two of the axes.…”

Section: Patellofemoral Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These can be mutually perpendicular axes, or skewed, as explained above. Typically these axes are described as either mechanical or anatomic [21]. The difference between these is that the long proximal-distal axis of the femur is either the 'mechanical axis', passing from the centre of the knee joint to the centre of the femoral head [11], or the 'anatomical axis' of the femur [17], which passes from the centre of the knee along the shaft of the femur ( Figure 3).…”

Section: Femoral Body-fixed Axesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is difficult to obtain this information as the groove is curved and slightly different definitions of this axis have been used. One of the reasons for this is that imaging data of the groove geometry from x-rays is not consistent with the geometry of the articular cartilage [31] The medial-lateral axis of the femur has been described in several ways: parallel to a line joining the medial and lateral epicondyles [21] or parallel to a line joining the posterior points of the femoral condyles [11,17], or passing through the centres of the spherical posterior parts of the femoral condyles [16]. It has been shown that the choice of this axis will significantly affect the values obtained for certain components of patellar tracking [3].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method corresponds closely to the Grood and Suntay [11] method used for describing tibio-femoral motion where tibial abduction/adduction corresponds to patellar lateral/medial rotation, and tibial rotation corresponds to patellar tilt. This is essentially a three cylindric open chain representation of the patello-femoral joint [21].…”

Section: Patellar Motion In Terms Of Femoral and Patellar Body Fixed mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Standardisation of the description of patellofemoral motion and comparison between different techniques

Bull

Katchburian

Shih

et al. 2002

Knee, Surg, Sports Traumatol, Arthrosc

101

114

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Patellofemoral motion is significant clinically, yet in the literature many different methods and terminologies are used, thus making comparison between papers difficult. The aim of this study was to review and explain the different methods used for the description of patellofemoral joint motion, compare these methods by experimentation, and propose a standardised method. We found three main methods for describing patellar motion: motion of the patella about femoral body fixed axes, about patellar body fixed axes, or a combination of these. Description about femoral body fixed axes does not make sense clinically. Description about patellar body fixed axes is straightforward, yet the definition of these axes is prone to error due to the lack of anatomical landmarks. The combination method makes most sense clinically and uses more easily found anatomical landmarks. Patellar flexion varied by up to 26% when describing the motion about different axes. Tilt and shift were highly sensitive to the choices of coordinate systems and the axes of motion. The pattern of rotation was consistent between all methods, however, differences between the methods increased with patellar flexion. We propose the description of patello-femoral motion in terms of shift (along a femoral medial-lateral axis), tilt (about the patellar long axis), rotation (about a floating patellar anterior-posterior axis) and flexion (about the femoral medial-lateral axis).

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Section: Patellofemoral Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Femoral Body-fixed Axesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Patellar Motion In Terms Of Femoral and Patellar Body Fixed mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Standardisation of the description of patellofemoral motion and comparison between different techniques

Bull

Katchburian

Shih

et al. 2002

Knee, Surg, Sports Traumatol, Arthrosc

101

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Given a kinetic input file, the musculoskeletal simulator can ramp to each loading condition via a real-time hy brid controller (simultaneous position and force control). The knee joint coordinate system translations and rotations follow the sys tem proposed by Pennock and Clark [16], with one difference: The long axes of femur and tibia do not have the proximal femoral head and ankle joint as reference points since the ends of these bones have been removed to mount the specimen. Instead, these points are replaced with the centroids of the remaining bone at the proximal femur and distal tibia.…”

Section: Knee Test Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Validation of a General Purpose Robotic Testing System for Musculoskeletal Applications

Noble

Colbrunn

Lee

et al. 2010

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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Quantifying lateral femoral condyle ellipticalness in chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans

Sylvester

Pfisterer

2012

American J Phys Anthropol

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Articular surfaces of limb bones provide information for understanding animal locomotion because their size and shape are a reflection of habitual postures and movements. Here we present a novel method for quantifying the ellipticalness (i.e., departure from perfectly circular) of the lateral femoral condyle (LFC), applying this technique to hominid femora. Three-dimensional surface models were created for 49 Homo sapiens, 34 Pan troglodytes and 25 Gorilla gorilla femora. Software was developed that fit separate cylinders to each of the femoral condyles. These cylinders were constrained to have a single axis, but could have different radii. The cylinder fit to the LFC was allowed to assume an elliptical cross-section, while the cylinder fit to the medial condyle was constrained to remain circular. The shape of the elliptical cylinder (ratio of the major and minor axes of the ellipse) was recorded, and the orientation of the elliptical cylinder quantified as angles between the major axis of the ellipse and the anatomical and mechanical axes of the femur. Species were compared using analysis of variance and post hoc multiple comparisons tests. Confirming qualitative descriptions, human LFCs are more elliptical than those of chimpanzees and gorillas. Human femora exhibit a narrow range for the angle between the major axis of the elliptical cylinder and femoral axes. Conversely, the chimpanzee sample is bimodal for these angles, exhibiting two ellipse orientations, while Gorilla shows no preferred angle. Our results suggest that like modern human femora, chimpanzee femoral condyles have preferentially used regions.

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An anatomy-based coordinate system for the description of the kinematic displacements in the human knee

Cited by 101 publications

References 21 publications

Standardisation of the description of patellofemoral motion and comparison between different techniques

Standardisation of the description of patellofemoral motion and comparison between different techniques

Design and Validation of a General Purpose Robotic Testing System for Musculoskeletal Applications

Quantifying lateral femoral condyle ellipticalness in chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans

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