An ANFIS-Mechanistic Simulator of Tool Loads in Ball-End Milling of Layered Metal Materials

Abstract

This article presents a universal simulator of instantaneous loads on the cutting edges of ball-end mills for the processing of layered metal materials. The ANFIS-mechanistic simulator of cutting edge loads is designed for all typical geometries of ball-end mills and for layered materials with different machinability of individual layers. Two ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System) models are included in the simulator, which, based on the instantaneous radial thickness of the chip and the geometry of the spherical part of the ball-end mill, predict the material coefficients for the material layers. Comparison of the predicted tool loads with experimental data shows that the simulator accurately predicts the direction and magnitude of the instantaneous loads of the ball-end mill cutting edges when milling 3-layer metal material with different machinability of individual layers. The largest observed deviation of simulated load magnitudes for all verification machining tests is 21.7 %.

Analyzing Site-Specific Tractor Draft Force in Different Passes during Plowing

“…The vertical lines are drawn on either side of the box which is referred to as whiskers. The length of the whiskers is drawn, 1,5 times of IQR or drawn up to the last data point [19]. These whiskers cover most of the remaining data.…”