An animal-as-client (AAC) theory for zoo exhibit design

Abstract

The design of zoo exhibits has traditionally focused on the needs of humans. More recently, the needs of animals displayed in zoo exhibits have become a focus. However, there is no theory that describes how designers might consider animal needs, and how these needs might be interpreted in the design process. An animal-as-client (AAC) theory for zoo exhibit design is introduced. The theory sees animal culture as the starting point and focus for the design process, emphasizing the need for animal participation and collaboration. The manipulation of space, time and environmental quality are viewed as critical explorations, while the ultimate suitability of the exhibit is considered in terms of the behavioural aspects of animal welfare. The refinement of the theory is viewed as an ongoing process intended to establish an inter-specific cultural contract adaptive for both humans and animals.

Behavioural synchrony in two species of communally housed captive penguins

“…This knowledge can guide care of the animals and assist in introductions of same or different species. It is necessary to take temporal and social relationships among animals into consideration in exhibit design (Nuttall, 2004). In mixed species zoo exhibits, these relationships may be hard to ascertain.…”