An animal model of fetishism

Köksal, Falih; Domjan, Michael; Kurt, Adnan; Sertel, Özlem; Örüng, Sabiha; Bowers, Robert Ian; Kumru, Gülsen

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.10.001

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A final example comes from studies in quail in which a terrycloth-covered object was used as the CS and presentation of a female (to male quail) as the US. With training some male quail came to approach, mount and even copulate with the terrycloth object, and some of these, “were often observed to continue copulating with the CS even after the female was released” [105]. The CS acquired such powerful incentive motivational properties that it was preferred over a real female!…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Individual Variation in the Propensity to Attribute Incentive Salience to Reward Cues

et al. 2012

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If reward-associated cues acquire the properties of incentive stimuli they can come to powerfully control behavior, and potentially promote maladaptive behavior. Pavlovian incentive stimuli are defined as stimuli that have three fundamental properties: they are attractive, they are themselves desired, and they can spur instrumental actions. We have found, however, that there is considerable individual variation in the extent to which animals attribute Pavlovian incentive motivational properties (“incentive salience”) to reward cues. The purpose of this paper was to develop criteria for identifying and classifying individuals based on their propensity to attribute incentive salience to reward cues. To do this, we conducted a meta-analysis of a large sample of rats (N = 1,878) subjected to a classic Pavlovian conditioning procedure. We then used the propensity of animals to approach a cue predictive of reward (one index of the extent to which the cue was attributed with incentive salience), to characterize two behavioral phenotypes in this population: animals that approached the cue (“sign-trackers”) vs. others that approached the location of reward delivery (“goal-trackers”). This variation in Pavlovian approach behavior predicted other behavioral indices of the propensity to attribute incentive salience to reward cues. Thus, the procedures reported here should be useful for making comparisons across studies and for assessing individual variation in incentive salience attribution in small samples of the population, or even for classifying single animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Individual Variation in the Propensity to Attribute Incentive Salience to Reward Cues

et al. 2012

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“…This pattern of behavior is distinct from the response that emerges in pigeons following pairings with food reward (Jenkins and Moore, 1973; see also http://go.owu.edu/~deswartz/introduction.html). Remarkably, when a CS is paired with the opportunity to copulate with a female (US), male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) will, under some conditions, come to approach and copulate with the inanimate object CS (Koksal et al, 2004, see also Burns and Domjan, 1996;Burns and Domjan, 2001). …”

Section: Sign-trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in the attribution of incentive salience to reward-related cues: Implications for addiction

2009

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SummaryDrugs of abuse acquire different degrees of control over thoughts and actions based not only on the effects of drugs themselves, but also on predispositions of the individual. Those individuals who become addicted are unable to shift their thoughts and actions away from drugs and drug-associated stimuli. Thus in addicts, exposure to places or things (cues) that have been previously associated with drug-taking often instigates renewed drug-taking. We and others have postulated that drugassociated cues acquire the ability to maintain and instigate drug-taking behavior in part because they acquire incentive motivational properties through Pavlovian (stimulus-stimulus) learning. In the case of compulsive behavioral disorders, including addiction, such cues may be attributed with pathological incentive value ("incentive salience"). For this reason, we have recently begun to explore individual differences in the tendency to attribute incentive salience to cues that predict rewards. When discrete cues are associated with the non-contingent delivery of food or drug rewards some animals come to quickly approach and engage the cue even if it is located at a distance from where the reward will be delivered. In these animals the reward-predictive cue itself becomes attractive, eliciting approach towards it, presumably because it is attributed with incentive salience. Animals that develop this type of conditional response are called "sign-trackers". Other animals, "goal-trackers", do not approach the reward-predictive cue, but upon cue presentation they immediately go to the location where food will be delivered (the "goal"). For goal-trackers the reward-predictive cue is not attractive, presumably because it is not attributed with incentive salience. We review here preliminary data suggesting that these individual differences in the tendency to attribute incentive salience to cues predictive of reward may confer vulnerability or resistance to compulsive behavioral disorders, including addiction. It will be important, therefore, to study how environmental, neurobiological and genetic interactions determine the extent to which individuals attribute incentive value to reward-predictive stimuli.

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“…If the CS is a light or a three-dimensional object, the CR is approach to the CS (Burns & Domjan, 2000). If the CS has a shape and texture that will support copulatory behavior, the CR will include grabs, mounts, and copulatory thrusts (e.g., Köksal et al, 2004;Çetinkaya & Domjan, 2006). Another important CS dimension is the extent to which the CS is a natural precursor of the US in the ecology of the organism (Domjan, Cusato, & Krause, 2004).…”

Section: Inconsistency With Current Conceptions Of Classical Conditiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Elicited versus emitted behavior: Time to abandon the distinction

Domjan

2016

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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The concept of emitted behavior was formulated as a part of the original argument for the validity of a new kind of learning called operant conditioning. The rationale for operant conditioning contrasted it with Pavlovian or classical conditioning, which was (and remains) fundamentally based on responses to conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. Classical conditioned responses were said to be elicited. In contrast, operant behavior was viewed as emitted and controlled primarily by response consequences rather than antecedents. I argue that the distinction between emitted and elicited behavior is no longer warranted for three major reasons. First, the distinction was based on a view of Pavlovian conditioning that is no longer viable. Second, the distinction is incompatible with both empirical data and contemporary conceptualizations of operant behavior. Third, the only way to overcome these problems is to define emitted and elicited in terms of the type of conditioning (operant and classical) that produces these behaviors, but that approach makes the definitions circular and does not avoid implications of the terms that are misleading and counterproductive in light of contemporary research and thinking.

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An animal model of fetishism

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Quantifying Individual Variation in the Propensity to Attribute Incentive Salience to Reward Cues

Quantifying Individual Variation in the Propensity to Attribute Incentive Salience to Reward Cues

Individual differences in the attribution of incentive salience to reward-related cues: Implications for addiction

Elicited versus emitted behavior: Time to abandon the distinction

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