An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world

Sohn, Jae‐Cheon; Labandeira, Conrad C.; Davis, Donald R.; Mitter, Charles

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3286.1.1

Cited by 106 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Although this character is only a plesiomorphy found among today's Tortricidae nearly exclusively in Olethreutinae, we consider it on balance justified to retain the assignment of Sohn et al. () based on this trait. † Spatalistiforma submerga Skalski, (Lutetian, middle Eocene 41.2–47.8 Ma; Sohn et al., ) assigned to Tortricinae Latreille, 1803, in agreement with Skalski () and Sohn et al. (), because veins M3 and Cu1 are stalked in both wings, a diagnostic characteristic of extant Spatalistis Meyrick, 1907 (Tortricinae: Tortricini) and relatives (Skalski, ); † Polyvena horatis Poinar and Brown, assigned to Chlidanotinae (Burdigalian, early Miocene15.97–20.44 Ma; Sohn et al., ), in agreement with the description and Sohn et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…() based on this trait. † Spatalistiforma submerga Skalski, (Lutetian, middle Eocene 41.2–47.8 Ma; Sohn et al., ) assigned to Tortricinae Latreille, 1803, in agreement with Skalski () and Sohn et al. (), because veins M3 and Cu1 are stalked in both wings, a diagnostic characteristic of extant Spatalistis Meyrick, 1907 (Tortricinae: Tortricini) and relatives (Skalski, ); † Polyvena horatis Poinar and Brown, assigned to Chlidanotinae (Burdigalian, early Miocene15.97–20.44 Ma; Sohn et al., ), in agreement with the description and Sohn et al. (), by the presence of widely distant M2 and M3 in the hindwing (HW), raised scale tufts on the FW, and large valvae without a corresponding large tegumen (Poinar and Brown, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversification shifts in leafroller moths linked to continental colonization and the rise of angiosperms

et al. 2016

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Tectonic dynamics and niche availability play intertwined roles in determining patterns of diversification. Such drivers explain the current distribution of many clades, whereas events such as the rise of angiosperms can have more specific impacts, such as on the diversification rates of herbivores. The Tortricidae, a diverse group of phytophagous moths, are ideal for testing the effects of these determinants on the diversification of herbivorous clades. To estimate ancestral areas and diversification patterns in Tortricidae, a complete tribal‐level dated tree was inferred using molecular markers (one mitochondrial and five nuclear) and calibrated using fossil constraints. We found that Tortricidae diverged from their sister group c. 120 Myr ago (Ma) and diversified c. 97 Ma, a timeframe synchronous with the rise of angiosperms in the Early–mid Cretaceous. Ancestral areas analysis, based on updated Wallace's biogeographical regions, supports the hypothesis of a Gondwanan origin of Tortricidae in the South American plate. We also detected an increase in speciation rate that coincided with the peak of angiosperm diversification in the Cretaceous. This in turn probably was further heightened by continental colonization of the Palaeotropics when angiosperms became dominant by the end of the Late Cretaceous.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification shifts in leafroller moths linked to continental colonization and the rise of angiosperms

et al. 2016

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“…Very few lepidopteran fossils have rigorously established, synapomorphy-based identifications, and as yet, no molecular dating for any lepidopteran group has been explicitly based on synapomorphy-grounded calibration points. Building on our recent comprehensive review of the lepidopteran fossil record [55], we are preparing an estimate of lepidopteran divergence times using the data set reported here in conjunction with synapomorphy-based fossil calibrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Large-Scale, Higher-Level, Molecular Phylogenetic Study of the Insect Order Lepidoptera (Moths and Butterflies)

et al. 2013

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BackgroundHigher-level relationships within the Lepidoptera, and particularly within the species-rich subclade Ditrysia, are generally not well understood, although recent studies have yielded progress. We present the most comprehensive molecular analysis of lepidopteran phylogeny to date, focusing on relationships among superfamilies.Methodology / Principal Findings483 taxa spanning 115 of 124 families were sampled for 19 protein-coding nuclear genes, from which maximum likelihood tree estimates and bootstrap percentages were obtained using GARLI. Assessment of heuristic search effectiveness showed that better trees and higher bootstrap percentages probably remain to be discovered even after 1000 or more search replicates, but further search proved impractical even with grid computing. Other analyses explored the effects of sampling nonsynonymous change only versus partitioned and unpartitioned total nucleotide change; deletion of rogue taxa; and compositional heterogeneity. Relationships among the non-ditrysian lineages previously inferred from morphology were largely confirmed, plus some new ones, with strong support. Robust support was also found for divergences among non-apoditrysian lineages of Ditrysia, but only rarely so within Apoditrysia. Paraphyly for Tineoidea is strongly supported by analysis of nonsynonymous-only signal; conflicting, strong support for tineoid monophyly when synonymous signal was added back is shown to result from compositional heterogeneity.Conclusions / SignificanceSupport for among-superfamily relationships outside the Apoditrysia is now generally strong. Comparable support is mostly lacking within Apoditrysia, but dramatically increased bootstrap percentages for some nodes after rogue taxon removal, and concordance with other evidence, strongly suggest that our picture of apoditrysian phylogeny is approximately correct. This study highlights the challenge of finding optimal topologies when analyzing hundreds of taxa. It also shows that some nodes get strong support only when analysis is restricted to nonsynonymous change, while total change is necessary for strong support of others. Thus, multiple types of analyses will be necessary to fully resolve lepidopteran phylogeny.

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“…We cannot state when these colonization events have occurred because a calibration of the molecular clock is impeded by the lack of suitable arctiine fossils, particularly from South America (see Sohn et al . () for a list of fossil Lepioptera of the world).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics and origin of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) in the Neotropical region

et al. 2016

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The availability of standard protocols to obtain DNA sequences has allowed the inference of phylogenetic Hypotheses for many taxa, including moths. We here have inferred a phylogeny using maximum‐Likelihood and Bayesian approaches for a species‐rich group of moths (Erebidae, Arctiinae), with strong emphasis on Neotropical genera collected in different field campaigns in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, eastern Amazon and southern Ecuador. A total of 277 species belonging to 246 genera were included in the analysis. Our main objectives were to shed light on the relationships between suprageneric groups, especially subtribes, and hypothesize colonization events in and out of the Neotropics. The monophyly of Arctiinae and its four tribes (Lithosiini, Amerilini, Syntomini and Arctiini) was recovered in the ML and Bayesian trees. Three Lithosiini subtribes previously found and two additional species groups were recovered monophyletic in both phylogenetic estimation methods. In Arctiini, the monophyly of Spilosomina and Arctiina was highly supported in the ML and Bayesian trees, but the monophyly of Ctenuchina and Echromiina was weakly supported in the ML tree and absent in the Bayesian tree; the remaining subtribes were paraphyletic and, in the case of Phageopterina, formed several species groups. The mapping of species occurrence in our ML tree suggests that Arctiinae have an Old World origin and that the Neotropical region was colonized at least six times independently. Our analysis also suggests that a number of species that occur in Neotropical and other zoogeographic regions may have originated in the Neotropics, although further taxon sampling is required to support this hypothesis. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a highly speciose group of tropical moths is well covered in a phylogeny, and it seems plausible that the results reported here may be extendable to other species‐rich tropical undersampled moth taxa.

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An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world

Cited by 106 publications

References 158 publications

Diversification shifts in leafroller moths linked to continental colonization and the rise of angiosperms

Diversification shifts in leafroller moths linked to continental colonization and the rise of angiosperms

A Large-Scale, Higher-Level, Molecular Phylogenetic Study of the Insect Order Lepidoptera (Moths and Butterflies)

Systematics and origin of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) in the Neotropical region

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