An annotated catalog of salivary gland transcripts from Ixodes scapularis ticks

Ribeiro, José M. C.; Alarcón-Chaidez, Francisco J.; Francischetti, Ivo M.B.; Mans, Ben J.; Mather, Thomas N.; Valenzuela, Jesús G.; Wikel, Stephen K.

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.11.005

Cited by 345 publications

(478 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Sequences that aligned across the V4 hyper-variable region and showed 98-100% identity (1-2 SNP's) were considered as positive hits. Sequences that did not give positive hits were retrieved and assembled to identify novel genotypes.Assembly was performed using the BLAST tool and CAP3 assembler (Ribeiro et al 2006).Sequences were clustered which showed 99% identity over 95% of the sequence. Consensus sequences derived from the clustered contigs were then manually analysed by BLASTN analysis against the non-redundant database, followed by neighbor-joining analysis to determine whether they are novel.…”

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Investigating the diversity of the 18S SSU rRNA hyper-variable region of Theileria in cattle and Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) from southern Africa using a next generation sequencing approach

Mans

Pienaar

Ratabane

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Molecular classification and systematics of the Theileria is based on the analysis of the 18S rRNA gene. Reverse line blot or conventional sequencing approaches have disadvantages in the study of 18S rRNA diversity and a next-generation 454 sequencing approach was investigated. The 18S rRNA gene was amplified using RLB primers coupled to 96 unique sequence identifiers (MIDs). Theileria positive samples from African buffalo (672) and cattle (480) from southern Africa were combined in batches of 96 and sequenced using the GS Junior 454 sequencer to produce 825711 informative sequences. Sequences were extracted based on MIDs and analysed to identify Theileria genotypes. Genotypes observed in buffalo and cattle were confirmed in the current study, while no new genotypes were discovered.Genotypes showed specific geographic distributions, most probably linked with vector distributions. Host specificity of buffalo and cattle specific genotypes were confirmed and prevalence data as well as relative parasitemia trends indicate preference for different hosts.Mixed infections are common with African buffalo carrying more genotypes compared to cattle. Associative or incongruent co-infection profiles were observed between genotypes that may have implications for speciation and systematics: specifically that more Theileria species may exist in cattle and buffalo than currently recognized. Analysis of primers used for Theileria parva diagnostics indicate that no new genotypes will be amplified by the current primer sets confirming their specificity. Theileria parva SNP variants that occur in the 18S rRNA hypervariable region were confirmed. A next generation sequencing approach is useful in obtaining comprehensive knowledge regarding 18S rRNA diversity and prevalence for the Theileria, allowing for the assessment of systematics and diagnostic assays based on the 18S gene.Keywords: 18S SSU, Diversity, Next-generation sequencing, species, Theileria, Theileria parva 3 IntroductionThe Babesia and Theileria are part of the phylum Apicomplexa (Order Piroplasmorida) (Mans et al. 2015 A significant proportion of the systematic study of the Piroplasmorida comprise analysis of the 18S rRNA gene (Allsopp et al. 1994;Chae et al. 1999;Chansiri et al. 1999;Criado-Fornelio et al. 2004;Reichard et al. 2005;Criado et al. 2006;Altay et al. 2007;Bhoora et al. 2009). The reverse line blot (RLB) method (Gubbels et al. 1999), based on simultaneous detection of the 18S rRNA gene for various Babesia and Theileria species, has been extensively used for surveillance purposes (Georges et al. 2001; Almerìa et al. 2002;Oura et al. 2004;Nijhof et al. 2003Nijhof et al. , 2005Altay et al. 2007;M'ghirbi et al. 2008;Altay et al. 2008;Matjila et al. 2008;Oosthuizen et al. 2008; Almerìa et al. 2009;Salih et al. 2010;Yusufmia et al. 2010; Tomassone et al. 2012;Ceci et al. 2014;Githaka et al. 2014;Eygelaar et al. 2015;Njiiri et al. 2015). The method relies on the amplification of the V4 hypervariable region of the 18S rRNA gene, followed by hybridization t...

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confidence: 99%

Investigating the diversity of the 18S SSU rRNA hyper-variable region of Theileria in cattle and Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) from southern Africa using a next generation sequencing approach

Mans

Pienaar

Ratabane

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…Lineage-specific expansion of the Kunitz protein family has been previously observed in all studied ticks (Valenzuela et al, 2002;Francischetti et al, 2005Francischetti et al, , 2008aRibeiro et al, 2006;Alarcon-Chaidez et al, 2007;Batista et al, 2008;Chmelař et al, 2008;Mans et al, 2008a;Dai et al, 2012). Previous studies have shown that this protein family has evolved through gene duplication within the main tick families but after the divergence of hard and soft ticks (Mans et al, 2002b(Mans et al, , 2008aMans and Neitz, 2004).…”

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confidence: 53%

Evolution of the tissue factor pathway inhibitor-like Kunitz domain-containing protein family in Rhipicephalus microplus

Louw

Merwe

Neitz

et al. 2013

International Journal for Parasitology

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One of the principle mechanisms utilised by ticks to obtain a blood meal is the subversion of the host's haemostatic response. This is achieved through the secretion of saliva containing antihaemostatic proteins into the feeding lesion. Lineage-specific expansion of predicted secretory protein families have been observed in all previously studied ticks and occurred in response to adaptation to a blood-feeding environment. Of these, the predominant families are common between both hard and soft ticks. One of these families, namely the Kunitz domain-containing protein family, includes proven tissue factor pathway inhibitor-like (TFPI-like) anti-haemostatics such as ixolaris and penthalaris that play a crucial role during tick feeding. Although Kunitz-type proteins have been found in Rhipicephalus microplus, the TFPI-like Kunitz protein family has not yet been studied. We report a comprehensive search for TFPI-like Kunitz domain-containing proteins in R. microplus expressed sequence tag libraries, resulting in the identification of 42 Page 2 of 36 homologues. The homologues were bioinformatically and phylogenetically studied, including the application of an intensive Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis of the individual Kunitz domain nucleotide sequences. We show that the R. microplus TFPI-like Kunitz protein family groups into two main clades that presumably underwent ancient duplication, which indicates that a whole genome duplication event occurred at least 150 million years ago. Evidence for recent and ancient gene and domain duplication events was also found. Furthermore, the divergence times of the various tick lineages estimated in this paper correspond with those presented in previous studies. The elucidation of this large protein family's evolution within R. microplus adds to current knowledge of this economically important tick.

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“…Ribeiro and colleagues identified transcripts that were differentially regulated between B. burgdorferi-infected and uninfected I. scapularis salivary glands [169]. A recent genetic study showed that the midgut protein TROSPA is a receptor for OspA binding, whose presence enhances colonization by B. burgdorferi [170].…”

Section: B Burgdorferi Infection Of Ticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi

Tilly

Rosa

Stewart

2008

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

183

177

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The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is a tick-borne obligate parasite whose normal reservoir is a variety of small mammals [1]. Whereas infection of these natural hosts does not lead to disease, infection of humans can result in Lyme disease, as a consequence of the human immunopathological response to B. burgdorferi [2,3]. Consistent with the pathogenesis of Lyme disease, bacterial products that allow B. burgdorferi to replicate and survive, rather than true "virulence factors," appear to be primarily what is required for the bacterium to cause disease in a susceptible host. In support of this idea, the genome sequence of B31, the type strain of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto [4,5], revealed that the bacterium lacks factors common to many bacterial pathogens, such as lipopolysaccharide, toxins, and specialized secretion systems. In this chapter, we will describe the basic biology of B. burgdorferi, and some of the bacterial components required to infect and survive in the mammalian and tick hosts.

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An annotated catalog of salivary gland transcripts from Ixodes scapularis ticks

Cited by 345 publications

References 117 publications

Investigating the diversity of the 18S SSU rRNA hyper-variable region of Theileria in cattle and Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) from southern Africa using a next generation sequencing approach

Investigating the diversity of the 18S SSU rRNA hyper-variable region of Theileria in cattle and Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) from southern Africa using a next generation sequencing approach

Evolution of the tissue factor pathway inhibitor-like Kunitz domain-containing protein family in Rhipicephalus microplus

Biology of Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi

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