An annotated checklist by genus and species of 93 species level names for 51 recognized species of small strongyles (Nematoda: Strongyloidea: Cyathostominea) of horses, asses and zebras of the world

Lichtenfels, J. R.; Kharchenko, V. A.; Krecek, R.C.; Gibbons, Lynda M.

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(98)00149-6

Cited by 96 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…More than 40 species of cyathostomes (Tribe Cyathostominea) have been described in horses [62]; however, only 12 species (Cyathostomum (Cya.) catinatum, Cya.…”

Section: Species Of Cyathostomes Reported To Be Resistantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses

2002

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-Suppressive anthelmintic treatment strategies originally designed to control Strongylus vulgaris in horses were extremely successful in reducing morbidity and mortality from parasitic disease. Unfortunately, this strategy has inadvertently resulted in the selection of drug-resistant cyathostomes (Cyathostominea), which are now considered the principal parasitic pathogens of horses. Resistance in the cyathostomes to benzimidazole drugs is highly prevalent throughout the world, and resistance to pyrantel appears to be increasingly common. However, there are still no reports of ivermectin resistance in nematode parasites of horses despite 20 years of use. It is unknown why resistance to ivermectin has not yet emerged, but considering that ivermectin is the single most commonly used anthelmintic in horses most parasitologists agree that resistance is inevitable. The fecal egg count reduction test is considered the gold standard for clinical diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance in horses, but diagnosis is complicated by lack of an accepted standard for the performance of this test or for the analysis and interpretation of data. Presently there is very little data available on the molecular mechanisms of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes; β-tubulin gene is the only anthelmintic-resistance associated gene that has been cloned. The increasingly high prevalence of anthelmintic-resistant cyathostomes must be taken into account when designing worm control programs for horses. Strategies to decelerate further selection for drug resistance thereby extending the lifetime of currently effective anthelmintics should be implemented whenever possible. Considering the nature of the equine industry in which horses often graze shared pastures with horses from diverse locations, transmission and widespread dispersal of resistant parasites is virtually assured. A proactive approach to this problem centered on understanding the molecular basis of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes is required if we are to expect chemical control of nematodes in horses to remain a viable element of parasite control in the future.cyathostome / anthelmintic / resistance / nematode / horse Résumé -La résistance aux anthelmintiques chez les nématodes des chevaux. Les stratégies des traitements anthelmintiques mises en place à l'origine pour contrôler Strongylus vulgaris chez les chevaux ont été extrêmement efficaces pour réduire la morbidité et la mortalité dues aux maladies 491

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“…More than 40 species of cyathostomes (Tribe Cyathostominea) have been described in horses [62]; however, only 12 species (Cyathostomum (Cya.) catinatum, Cya.…”

Section: Species Of Cyathostomes Reported To Be Resistantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses

2002

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“…Such species as Cylicocyclus triramosus (Yorke & Macfie, 1920) Chaves, 1930, Triodontophorus burchelli Krecek et al, 1997, T. hartmannae Krecek et al, 1997, Cylicodontophorus reineckei Scialdo-Krecek and Malan, 1984, Cylindropharynx intermedia Theiler, 1923 and Cylicostephanus longiconus Scialdo- Krecek, 1983, have only been found in zebras from Africa (Scialdo- Krecek, 1983;Scialdo-Krecek & Malan, 1984;Krecek et al, 1987Krecek et al, , 1997Kharchenko et al, 1997). Cyathostomum tetracanthum (Mehlis, 1831) Molin, 1861, in part, Looss, 1900(Lichtenfels et al, 1998 has mainly been found in donkeys (Eysker & Pandey, 1989;Dvojnos & Kharchenko, 1994;Matthee et al, 2000Matthee et al, , 2002; Cyathostomum montgomeryi (Boulenger, 1920(Boulenger, ) K'ung, 1964 has been found in donkeys and zebras, but not in horses (Kharchenko et al, 2001). There are few comparative studies of intestinal strongylid communities from different equid species (Kennedy and Bush, 1992 -in part;Dvojnos and Kharchenko, 1994;Matthee et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equidae are parasitized by 66 nematode species from 18 genera of the order Strongylida (Dvojnos & Kharchenko, 1994;Lichtenfels et al, 1998). The species composition and general structure of the equids' strongylid communities have been studied in many countries worldwide (Ogbourne, 1976;Eydal, 1983;Renemeyer et al, 1984;Mfitilodze & Hutchinson, 1985;Lyons et al, 1985Lyons et al, , 2000Gawor, 1995;Bucknell et al, 1995Bucknell et al, , 1996.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the intestinal strongylid communities of equidae in the Askania-Nova biosphere reserve, Ukraine

Kuzmina

Kharchenko

Zvegintsova³

2007

Helminthologia

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Comparative studies of the intestinal strongylid communities of 14 ponies, 6 donkeys and 9 zebras from the "Askania-Nova" Biosphere reserve (Ukraine) were carried out after deworming the hosts with aversectin drug. Faecal sampling (200 g each) was performed at 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after treatment; all nematodes expelled were collected and identified. Thirty strongylid species from 12 genera were found; 7 species from the Strongylinae and 23 species from Cyathostominae. In ponies 27 species were found (range 8 -23; mean 14 ± 3.8). In donkeys 23 species were found (range 11 -15; mean 12 ± 1.3). Cyathostomum tetracanthum a species specific for donkeys was found for the first time in Ukraine. In zebras 17 species were found (range 2 -13; mean 7 ± 3.6). The results obtained confirmed the specificity of the intestinal strongylid fauna of different equid species grazing on the same pastures in the "Askania-Nova" reserve.

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“…For this reason, many studies have been carried out on the infracommunity diversity of these gastrointestinal parasites. Cyathostominae currently comprise 13 genera and 52 species (Lichtenfels et al, 1998). In the majority of the European countries studied (Ukraine, Poland, Great Britain, Germany and Italy), the three most prevalent species were Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus longibursatus and Cyathostomum catinatum (Gawor, 1995;Hinney et al, 2011;Kuzmina et al, 2005;2007;Ogbourne, 1976).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyathostome specimens obtained from the entire contents of the large intestines were identifi ed using an Olympus BX51 microscope. Nematodes from each part of the large intestine were illuminated, measured, and identifi ed with the help of diagnostic keys, which were created based on previously published material of Anderson et al (1980), Anjos and Rodrigues (2006); Baruš (1962); Lichtenfels et al (1998;2008 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyathostominae distribution in experimentally infected ponies

et al. 2015

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SummaryNine ponies were experimentally infected with third stage cyathostome larvae. These animals were examined post-mortem for small strongyle infections from October 2011 to January 2012. Seventeen species of the following Cyathostominae genera were identifi ed: Coronocyclus, Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus, Gyalocephalus and Petrovinema. Of the 17 species of Cyathostominae recovered, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cyathostomum alveatum and Cylicocyclus nassatus were the most prevalent (100 %). From the entire population of Cyathostominae, 65.6 % were located in the caecum and only 34.4 % in the colon. Only 1,736 (24,6 %) females and 5,329 (75,4 %) males were observed. There was a signifi cant difference between the number of males and females in the genus Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus and Gyalocephalus.

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An annotated checklist by genus and species of 93 species level names for 51 recognized species of small strongyles (Nematoda: Strongyloidea: Cyathostominea) of horses, asses and zebras of the world

Cited by 96 publications

References 10 publications

Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses

Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses

Comparative study of the intestinal strongylid communities of equidae in the Askania-Nova biosphere reserve, Ukraine

Cyathostominae distribution in experimentally infected ponies

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