An Annotated List of Legume-Infecting Viruses in the Light of Metagenomics

Abstract

Legumes, one of the most important sources of human food and animal feed, are known to be susceptible to a plethora of plant viruses. Many of these viruses cause diseases which severely impact legume production worldwide. The causal agents of some important virus-like diseases remain unknown. In recent years, high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled us to identify many new viruses in various crops, including legumes. This review aims to present an updated list of legume-infecting viruses. Until 2020, a total of 168 plant viruses belonging to 39 genera and 16 families, officially recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), were reported to naturally infect common bean, cowpea, chickpea, faba-bean, groundnut, lentil, peas, alfalfa, clovers, and/or annual medics. Several novel legume viruses are still pending approval by ICTV. The epidemiology of many of the legume viruses are of specific interest due to their seed-transmission and their dynamic spread by insect-vectors. In this review, major aspects of legume virus epidemiology and integrated control approaches are also summarized.

In Vivo Fate of Cowpea Mosaic Virus In Situ Vaccine: Biodistribution and Clearance

“…Although wild-type CPMV is not known to be infectious to humans or mammals, it infects plants, including black-eyed peas and other legumes. , Currently, it is estimated that around 1000 plant viruses are known which cause negative impacts on crop production, food security, and ultimately cause an economic burden. − It is also known that there is human exposure to plant viruses. Some plant viruses are commonly found in the human gut virome (tobacco mosaic virus, TMV; pepper mild mottle virus, PMMoV; tomato mosaic virus, ToMV), − and there are reports of shedding of plant viruses from humans .…”

Enhancing systemic resistance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to Bean yellow mosaic virus via soil application and foliar spray of nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain 33504-Alex1

“…Some plant viruses have a broad host range and multiple transmission mechanisms that complicate the control process and account for significant losses in several crops ( Scholthof et al, 2011 ; Adhikari et al, 2021 ). Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) is one of the most noteworthy plant viruses that affect more than 60 plant species in legumes and non-legumes ( Chatzivassiliou, 2021 ). In addition, the various modes of viral transmission make BYMV a major economic threat to crop production.…”

“…Among the other Fabaceae members, the faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) is an essential and economically important plant, severely affected by BYMV infection that directly affects the crop yield ( Chatzivassiliou, 2021 ). Due to the highly beneficial and nutritional values of faba bean grains, they are directly utilized in the human diet in the Middle East and East Asia countries and are applied in animal feeding recipes worldwide ( Duc et al, 2010 ; Adhikari et al, 2021 ).…”

Complete genome sequence of a novel polerovirus infecting chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

“…Chickpea is naturally infected by at least 40 viruses, including 19 genera and 11 families. Along with mastreviruses, nanoviruses, and luteoviruses, the poleroviruses are among the most economically important viruses associated with chickpea stunt and chlorotic dwarf diseases, reviewed in [2]. Polerovirus, previously in the family Luteoviridae, are members of the family Solemoviridae [3].…”