An anthropological genetic perspective on creolization in the anglophone caribbean

Torres, Jada Benn; Stone, Anne C.; Kittles, Rick A.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.22261

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This pattern may reflect the dual African and indigenous Caribbean ancestry of the Vincentian Garifuna and their subsequent cultural and genetic exchanges with indigenous Caribbean peoples as documented by historic sources [ 20 , 77 , 107 ]. The distinctiveness of the Dominican population may also reflect differences in the indigenous and colonial population history of Dominica [ 108 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity in the Lesser Antilles and Its Implications for the Settlement of the Caribbean Basin

et al. 2015

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Historical discourses about the Caribbean often chronicle West African and European influence to the general neglect of indigenous people’s contributions to the contemporary region. Consequently, demographic histories of Caribbean people prior to and after European contact are not well understood. Although archeological evidence suggests that the Lesser Antilles were populated in a series of northward and eastern migratory waves, many questions remain regarding the relationship of the Caribbean migrants to other indigenous people of South and Central America and changes to the demography of indigenous communities post-European contact. To explore these issues, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome diversity in 12 unrelated individuals from the First Peoples Community in Arima, Trinidad, and 43 unrelated Garifuna individuals residing in St. Vincent. In this community-sanctioned research, we detected maternal indigenous ancestry in 42% of the participants, with the remainder having haplotypes indicative of African and South Asian maternal ancestry. Analysis of Y-chromosome variation revealed paternal indigenous American ancestry indicated by the presence of haplogroup Q-M3 in 28% of the male participants from both communities, with the remainder possessing either African or European haplogroups. This finding is the first report of indigenous American paternal ancestry among indigenous populations in this region of the Caribbean. Overall, this study illustrates the role of the region’s first peoples in shaping the genetic diversity seen in contemporary Caribbean populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity in the Lesser Antilles and Its Implications for the Settlement of the Caribbean Basin

et al. 2015

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“…36, 43 These autosomal markers have previously been identified and validated and are used to extract continental ancestry information in admixed populations. 44–46 From a study of over 4,000 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning 22 chromosomes, an enriched panel of 100 unlinked AIMs was selected to provide individual ancestry assessment based on several measures of marker informativeness (F ST , F IC , and δ) and confirmed in several parental populations consisting of 60 CEPH Europeans, 56 Yoruban sub-Saharan Africans, 19 Bini sub-Saharan Africans, 23 Kanuri West Africans, 50 Mayan Amerindians, 26 Quechuan Amerindians, 29 Nahua Amerindians. 47, 48 Previous work shows that the correlation coefficient between estimated ancestry scores and true individual ancestral proportions is greater than 0.9 when the estimated ancestry scores are derived from approximately 100 ancestry informative markers (AIMS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic ancestry as an effect modifier of naltrexone in smoking cessation among African Americans

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Wing

et al. 2015

Pharmacogenetics and Genomics

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Objectives To determine if there were differential quit rates between AA and European Americans (EA) with the experimental treatment naltrexone, and examine the role of genetic ancestry on these outcomes among AAs. Methods Data from a previous randomized trial of 315 smokers to naltrexone vs. placebo were reanalyzed using West African (WA) genetic ancestry to define sub-populations. Logistic regression models were used to estimate treatment effects on early and end of treatment quit rates, by race and WA ancestry. Results Among EAs (n=136), naltrexone significantly increased quit rates at four weeks (62% vs. 43%, p=0.03) with directional, but not statistically significant effects at 12 weeks (30% vs. 18%, p=0.12). In contrast, among the AAs (n=95), quit rates did not differ between naltrexone and placebo groups at either interval (four weeks: 43% vs. 32%, p=0.27; 12 weeks: 22% vs. 18%, p=0.60). A median split was conducted in AAs for WA ancestry. Among AAs with low WA ancestry, quit rates were significantly higher with naltrexone compared with placebo (60% vs. 27%, p=0.03). There was no advantage in quit rates with naltrexone for the high WA ancestry group. Conclusions Naltrexone efficacy for smoking cessation varies across AA subjects with different levels of WA ancestry. These results suggest that genetic background may partially explain racial differences in drug response.

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“…DNA from blood was genotyped for 100 AIMs using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. The AIMs panel consisted of carefully selected autosomal markers that were previously identified and validated for estimating continental ancestry information in admixed populations [26] – [28] . All 100 AIMs were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY genotyping platform with iPLEXchemistry according to manufacturer's recommendations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Genetic Ancestry with Breast Cancer in Ethnically Diverse Women from Chicago

et al. 2014

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IntroductionNon-Hispanic (nH) Black and Hispanic women are disproportionately affected by early onset disease, later stage, and with more aggressive, higher grade and ER/PR negative breast cancers. The purpose of this analysis was to examine whether genetic ancestry could account for these variation in breast cancer characteristics, once data were stratified by self-reported race/ethnicity and adjusted for potential confounding by social and behavioral factors.MethodsWe used a panel of 100 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) to estimate individual genetic ancestry in 656 women from the “Breast Cancer Care in Chicago” study, a multi-ethnic cohort of breast cancer patients to examine the association between individual genetic ancestry and breast cancer characteristics. In addition we examined the association of individual AIMs and breast cancer to identify genes/regions that may potentially play a role in breast cancer disease disparities.ResultsAs expected, nH Black and Hispanic patients were more likely than nH White patients to be diagnosed at later stages, with higher grade, and with ER/PR negative tumors. Higher European genetic ancestry was protective against later stage at diagnosis (OR 0.7 95%CI: 0.54–0.92) among Hispanic patients, and higher grade (OR 0.73, 95%CI: 0.56–0.95) among nH Black patients. After adjustment for multiple social and behavioral risk factors, the association with later stage remained, while the association with grade was not significant. We also found that the AIM SNP rs10954631 on chromosome 7 was associated with later stage (p = 0.02) and higher grade (p = 0.012) in nH Whites and later stage (p = 0.03) in nH Blacks.ConclusionNon-European genetic ancestry was associated with later stage at diagnosis in ethnic minorities. The relation between genetic ancestry and stage at diagnosis may be due to genetic factors and/or unmeasured environmental factors that are overrepresented within certain racial/ethnic groups.

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An anthropological genetic perspective on creolization in the anglophone caribbean

Cited by 40 publications

References 48 publications

Genetic Diversity in the Lesser Antilles and Its Implications for the Settlement of the Caribbean Basin

Genetic Diversity in the Lesser Antilles and Its Implications for the Settlement of the Caribbean Basin

Genetic ancestry as an effect modifier of naltrexone in smoking cessation among African Americans

Association of Genetic Ancestry with Breast Cancer in Ethnically Diverse Women from Chicago

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