An anthropometric analysis of facial height, arch length, and palatal rugae in the Indian and Nepalese population

Abstract

Introduction:A country such as India abounds with diverse population groups with distinct anthropometric characteristics. Among these, numerous Nepalese population groups are present in different states of India comprising one of the most common immigrant races. The aim of the study is to compare two distinct races, Indians and Nepalese on the basis of facial height proportions, arch length and palatal rugae patterns and assess their significance in racial identification.Materials and Methods:A total of 120 subjects comprising of 60 Indians and 60 Nepalese were selected, with each group including 30 males and 30 females. Facial heights were measured using sliding digital calipers, arch lengths with the help of a brass wire and rugae patterns were traced on dental casts obtained with alginate impressions.Results:Facial height measurements did not give significant results for racial or gender identification of given races. Differences between arch length parameters were found to be significant between the two population groups. Secondary and fragmentary palatal rugae forms were found to be more common in Nepalese than Indians.Conclusion:The Indian and Nepalese have similar anthropometric characteristics with regard to facial height. However, arch length and palatal rugae characteristics vary between the two races.

Morphological study of rugae palatinae in Sudanese Nubians

“…This finding indicates the need for describing/identifying other shapes and conducting a larger scale study. The findings of this study confirm previous findings with respect to Egyptian and Saudi children [1], Saudi adults [9], and Indians [13,21,26] where wavy and curved rugae are the most common shapes followed by straight rugae. The results are also consistent with those reported for Australian Aborigines and Caucasian populations as they, too, are found to have a higher prevalence of wavy-and curved-shaped rugae [14].…”

“…The results are also consistent with those reported for Australian Aborigines and Caucasian populations as they, too, are found to have a higher prevalence of wavy-and curved-shaped rugae [14]. Departing from this trend, however, wavy-shaped rugae are the most prevalent followed by diverging rugae in Jordanians [19], and wavy followed by straight and curved are the most prevalent among Rwandans [11] and Nepalese [13]. Despite the fact that the wavy shape seems to be the most dominant pattern in most studied populations, the variability in percentages and the order of other shapes present indicates the need for population-specific studies.…”

“…The means of primary rugae are 9.76 for males and 9.06 for females. These results are close to the findings regarding Indian males and females (9.7 and 9.2) [13], but higher than those for Jordanians [19], Rwandans [11], Saudis [9], Japanese [8], Caucasian Australians [14], and Nepalese [13]. Nevertheless, they are still lower than those reported for the Australian Aboriginals [14].…”

Rugoscopy: A Diagnostic Appurtenance for Malocclusion or just a Forensic Aid? - A Pilot Study

“…In the present study the average number of primary rugae has been approximately three in number in accordance with human studies done previously [21]. The number of primary rugae was seen to be greatest in Class II div 2 patients, probably due to difference in degree of development of maxillary basal arch width and transverse morphology.…”

Association of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Gender Identification: An Exploratory Study

“…In this study, the mean straight pattern was more among males and mean circular pattern was the least among females. These results are in contrary to the study conducted by Paliwal et al 8 and Kallianpur et al, 9 who said that the predominant shape was wavy. Intergroup comparisons of rugae shape revealed that the curved type was more among males and the wavy type higher in females, which was statistically significant.…”