An anti-Cryptococcus neoformans monoclonal antibody directed against galactoxylomannan

Moer, Ariane van de; Salhi, Sharon Lynn; Cherniak, Robert; Pau, Bernard; Garrigues, M; Bastide, J.-M.

doi:10.1016/0923-2494(90)90099-k

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This serum was used for immunofluorescence on C. neoformans strains cap67, B3501, and 24067. Immunofluorescence revealed a punctate pattern around the cell wall in acapsular strains, a pattern consistent with prior reports that GalXM is mostly cell wall associated (32,33). Encapsulated strains showed a punctate pattern near or on the edge of the capsule.…”

Section: Generation Of Serological Reagents For the Study Of Galxmsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…CN6 provided insights that GalXM was near the cell wall, but apart from one publication (33), no additional studies were reported with encapsulated cells. Unfortunately, this antibody is no longer available (33). Given a revival of interest in GalXM, we sought to develop new serological reagents to localize this polysaccharide in the capsule.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This antibody was generated against GalXM using spheroplast lysate (33). CN6 provided insights that GalXM was near the cell wall, but apart from one publication (33), no additional studies were reported with encapsulated cells. Unfortunately, this antibody is no longer available (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Capsular Localization of theCryptococcus neoformansPolysaccharide Component Galactoxylomannan

et al. 2009

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Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide is composed of at least two components, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) and galactoxylomannans (GalXM). Although GXM has been extensively studied, little is known about the location of GalXM in the C. neoformans capsule, in part because there are no serological reagents specific to this antigen. To circumvent the poor immunogenicity of GalXM, this antigen was conjugated to protective antigen from Bacillus anthracis as a protein carrier. The resulting conjugate elicited antibodies that reacted with GalXM in mice and yielded an immune serum that proved useful for studying GalXM in the polysaccharide capsule. In acapsular cells, immune serum localized GalXM to the cell wall. In capsulated cells, immune serum localized GalXM to discrete pockets near the capsule edge. GalXM was abundant on the nascent capsules of budding daughter cells. The constituent sugars of GalXM were found in vesicle fractions consistent with vesicular transport for this polysaccharide. In addition, we generated a single-chain fraction variable fragment antibody with specificity to oxidized carbohydrates that also produced punctate immunofluorescence on encapsulated cells that partially colocalized with GalXM. The results are interpreted to mean that GalXM is a transient component of the polysaccharide capsule of mature cells during the process of secretion. Hence, the function of GalXM appears to be more consistent with that of an exopolysaccharide than a structural component of the cryptococcal capsule.

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Section: Generation Of Serological Reagents For the Study Of Galxmsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Capsular Localization of theCryptococcus neoformansPolysaccharide Component Galactoxylomannan

et al. 2009

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“…mAbs to GXMGal were reported in 1990 but are no longer available (146); an exciting recent development is the production of polyclonal antibodies to this polymer (40). Immunolocalization with these antibodies placed GXMGal at the cell wall in acapsular cells and the outer capsule in wild-type cells (40).…”

Section: Cryptococcal Capsulementioning

confidence: 99%

How Sweet it is! Cell Wall Biogenesis and Polysaccharide Capsule Formation in Cryptococcus neoformans

Doering

2009

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

199

229

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Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus responsible for severe opportunistic infections. The most prominent feature of this yeast is its elaborate polysaccharide capsule, a complex structure that is required for virulence. The capsule is intimately associated with the cell wall, which underlies the capsule and offers the organism strength and flexibility in potentially hostile environments. Both structures are primarily composed of polysaccharides, offering a glimpse of the tremendous variation inherent in natural carbohydrate structures and their multiple biological functions. The steps in cell wall and capsule biosynthesis and assembly pose fascinating questions of metabolism, enzymology, cell biology, and regulation; the answers have potential application to treatment of a deadly infection. This article reviews current knowledge of cryptococcal cell wall and capsule biosynthesis and outstanding questions for the future.

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“…The cap67 mutant strain has been particularly useful in the elucidation of GalXM structure since it lacks GXM, thus simplifying analysis (55,96,97).…”

Section: Fig 2 Structures Of the Cryptococcal Capsule Components (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Yeast under Cover: the Capsule ofCryptococcus neoformans

et al. 2003

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An anti-Cryptococcus neoformans monoclonal antibody directed against galactoxylomannan

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Capsular Localization of theCryptococcus neoformansPolysaccharide Component Galactoxylomannan

Capsular Localization of theCryptococcus neoformansPolysaccharide Component Galactoxylomannan

How Sweet it is! Cell Wall Biogenesis and Polysaccharide Capsule Formation in Cryptococcus neoformans

A Yeast under Cover: the Capsule ofCryptococcus neoformans

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